Benzimidazole Derivatives as Modulators of Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORy) and Pharmaceutical Use Thereof

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to benzimidazole derivatives of formula (I) as inhibitors of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) protein, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, preparation methods thereof, and the use of the compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of RORγ-mediated diseases or disorders.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/666,312, filed on May 3, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to modulators of retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) and their uses as therapeutic agents for treatment of RORγ-mediated diseases or conditions, including various inflammation and autoimmune diseases and cancers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nuclear receptors are ligand-regulated transcription factors that regulate development, immunity, and cellular metabolism, one of the major classes of drug targets for human diseases. The retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) protein is a member of the NR1 subfamily of nuclear receptors and exhibits a typical nuclear receptor domain structure, consisting of the DNA binding domain; ligand binding domain; a hinge domain and activation function 2 domain (Benoit G, et al, Pharmacological Reviews, 58 (4):798-836, 2006; Zhang, Y., et al., Acta Pharmacogica Sinica, 36:71-87, 2015). RORγ recognizes and binds as monomers, as opposed to most other nuclear receptors, which bind as dimers. It binds to specific DNA sequences, typically consisting of TAAA/TNTAGGTCA, termed ROR response elements (ROREs).

There are two isoforms of RORγ, RORγ1 and RORγ2, which are produced from the same RORC gene, probably by selection of alternative promoters (Villey I, et al, Eur. J. Immunol., 29(12):4072-80, 1999). RORγ2 (also known as RORγt) produced from an mRNA identical to that of RORγ1 except for a replacement of an alternative exon with two 5′-most exons, leading to a truncated form of RORγ1. The two isoforms exhibit distinct patterns of tissue-specific expression. RORγt is preferentially expressed in the thymus and several distinct cell types of the immune system, whereas RORγ1 is expressed in many tissues, thymus, lung, kidney, muscle, and liver.

RORγt is a master regulator of the development of T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells) (Ruan, Q., et al., J. Exp. Med., 208(11):2321-2333, 2011; Ivanov, I. I. et al., Cell, 126:1121-1133, 2006). Th17 cells produce numerous cytokines, including interleukin-17 (IL-17), that are known to enhance inflammatory processes. In addition, a critical role of RORγt was shown in non-Th17 lymphoid cells expressing Thy1, SCA-1 and IL-23R proteins (Buonocore, S., et al., Nature, 464:1371-1375, 2010). RORγt plays an important role in the development of secondary lymphoid tissues, thymopoiesis, lymphocyte development ((Jetten, A. M., Nucl. Recep. Signal, 7:e300, DOI:10.1621/nrs.07003, 2009). RORγ1 appears to be involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms (Guillaumond, F. et al, J. Biol. Rhythms, 20 (5):391-403, 2005; Akashi M and Takumi T., Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 12 (5):441-448, 2005).

RORγ has been identified as a key mediator in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, Sjögren's syndrome and asthma, etc. (Louten et al, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 123: 1004-1011, (2009); Annuziato, F., et al, Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., 5(6): 325-331, 2009; Lizuka, M., et al., J. Immunol., 194:56-67, 2014). Some other diseases, such as chronic dry eye disease, Kawasaki Disease, mucosal leishmaniasis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, are characterized by increased Th17 proportions and/or elevated levels of Th17 hallmark cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 (Chen, Y., et al., Mucosal. Immunol., 7(1):38-45, 2014; Jia, S., et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol., 162:131-137, 2010; Boaventura, V. S., et al, Eur. J. Immunol., 40: 2830-2836, 2010; Figueroa-Vega, N., et al, J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 95: 953-62, 2010). In each of the above examples the inhibition may be enhanced by simultaneous inhibition of RORα. RORγt inhibitors are currently under development for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. See Jun R. Huh and Dan R. Littman, Eur. J. Immunol., 42(9): 2232-2237 (2012), WO 2012/027965, WO 2013/029338, and US 2015/291607.

The present invention describes a series of new compounds that display potent inhibition against RORγ, therefore, can provide a potential therapeutic approach to RORγ-mediated diseases or conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of formula (I):

or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

-   -   is selected from single bond and double bond, when         is double bond, then         is single bond, R_(a) is absent and R_(b) is hydrogen; when         is double bond, then         is single bond, R_(a) is hydrogen and R_(b) is absent;     -   ring A is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R₁, R₂ and R₃ are identical or different and each is         independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,         halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   each R₄ is identical or different and each is independently         selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cyano, amino,         hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉,         —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂ and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein         said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,         aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or         more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen,         alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy,         cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R_(5a) and R_(5b) are identical or different and each is         independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,         halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈,         —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂         and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally         substituted by one or more groups selected from the group         consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, nitro, hydroxy, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₀COR₉, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

-   -   R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl,         alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl and         NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups         selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl,         alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   each R₇ is identical or different and each is independently         selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy,         hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈,         —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂,         —NR₁₁R₁₂ and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl,         alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl         are each optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected         from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,         alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,         aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl, wherein said alkyl, aryl         and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more         groups selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy;     -   R₉ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein said         alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each         optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the         group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,         cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl;     -   R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl;     -   R₁₁ and R₁₂ are identical or different and each is independently         selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,         alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, —COR₁₃, aryl and         heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally         substituted by one or more groups selected from the group         consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl;     -   or R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are         attached form heterocyclyl, wherein heterocyclyl has one or more         heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S,         and is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected         from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, amino,         nitro, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl,         cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein said         alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each         optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the         group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,         cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl;     -   n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;     -   s is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and     -   x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of formula (IA),

or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, which is an intermediate for the synthesis of the compound of formula (I), wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₃, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇ and n are as         defined in formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of formula (IC) or formula (ID) as an intermediate for the synthesis of compounds of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof,

wherein:

-   -   R_(a) and R_(b) is hydrogen;     -   ring A, R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in         formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to various processes for preparing the compound of formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for inhibiting a retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) or treating a retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) protein mediated disease or disorder in a subject using a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I), or the tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

Other aspects and advantages of the present invention will be better appreciated in view of the following detailed description and claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of formula (I):

or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

-   -   is selected from single bond and double bond, when         is double bond, then         is single bond, R_(a) is absent and R_(b) is hydrogen; when         is double bond, then         is single bond, R_(a) is hydrogen and R_(b) is absent;     -   ring A is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R₁, R₂ and R₃ are identical or different and each is         independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,         halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   each R₄ is identical or different and each is independently         selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cyano, amino,         hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl,         heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉,         —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂ and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein         said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,         aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or         more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen,         alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy,         cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R_(5a) and R_(5b) are identical or different and each is         independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,         halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈,         —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂         and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally         substituted by one or more groups selected from the group         consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, nitro, hydroxy, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₀COR₉, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

-   -   R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl,         alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl and         NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups         selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl,         alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   each R₇ is identical or different and each is independently         selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy,         hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈,         —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂,         —NR₁₁R₁₂ and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl,         alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl         are each optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected         from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,         alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,         aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl, wherein said alkyl, aryl         and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more         groups selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy;     -   R₉ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein said         alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each         optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the         group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,         cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl;     -   R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         haloalkyl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl;     -   R₁₁ and R₁₂ are identical or different and each is independently         selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl,         alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, —COR₁₃, aryl and         heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl,         heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each optionally         substituted by one or more groups selected from the group         consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano,         amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl;     -   or R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are         attached form heterocyclyl, wherein heterocyclyl has one or more         heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S,         and is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected         from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, amino,         nitro, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl,         cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl;     -   R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,         hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein said         alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and heteroaryl are each         optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the         group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy,         cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl and         heteroaryl;     -   n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;     -   s is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and     -   x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, is a compound of formula (Ia) or formula (Ib):

wherein:

-   -   R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in formula         (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, in a compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, ring A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl and 5 or 6 member heteroaryl, preferably piperidinyl, phenyl, thienyl, furyl and pyridinyl.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, is a compound of formula (II):

wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, is a compound of formula (Ia):

wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇ and n are as         defined in formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, is a compound of formula (III):

wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, is a compound of formula (IIIa):

wherein:

-   -   R_(4a) and R_(4b) are identical or different and each is         independently selected from the group consisting of halogen,         hydrogen, alkyl and haloalkyl;     -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₃, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇ and n are as         defined in formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, each R₄ is identical or different and each is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cyano, amino, —OR₈ and —NR₁₁R₁₂;

-   -   R₈, R₁₁ and R₁₂ are as defined in formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, R₁, R₂, and R₃ are identical or different and each is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and alkyl.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, R_(5a) and R_(5b) are identical or different and each is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —OR₈, —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂ and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂;

-   -   or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

R₈ to R₁₂ and x are as defined in formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl and —NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of alkoxy and cycloalkyl.

In some embodiments of the present invention, in the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, R₇ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen and alkyl.

Typical compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to,

Example No. Compound Name 1

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-phenyl-1H- benzo[d]imidazole 2

(4,6-dichloro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4- (ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 3

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 4

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 5

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 6

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 7

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl) (4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 8

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 9

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 10

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 11

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 12

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 13

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole 14

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxymethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 15

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 16

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole 17

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 18

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 19

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole 20

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 21

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 22

2-(4,6-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)- 2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile 23

2-(4,6-dichloro-2-((4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl) (hydroxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile 24

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(thiophen-3- yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 25

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 26

(4,6-dichloro-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 27

2-(4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline 28

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(4- (ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 29

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 30

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 31

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 32

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 33

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 34

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(3,3,3- trifluoropropyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 35

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 36

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- isopropylphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 37

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 38

(E,Z)-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone oxime 39

1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl) methanamine(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 40

N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl) acetamide 41

N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl)- 2-methoxyacetamide 42

N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl)-3,5- dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide 43

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl) methanamine 44

N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl) acetamide 45

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 46

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) ethanol 47

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxyl)phenyl)-2-(4- (methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 48

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) ethanol 49

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) methanol 50

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(propylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 51

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(propylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 52

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(propylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 53

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 54

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) ethanol 55

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)(4-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 56

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 57

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) ethanol 58

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) methanol 59

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 60

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) ethanol 61

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 62

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 63

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 64

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 65

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(4- ((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 66

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 67

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 68

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 69

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 70

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 71

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 72

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 73

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 74

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 75

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 76

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-5- (2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 77

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethanol 78

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)methanol 79

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)methanol 80

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)- 5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 81

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro- 5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 82

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 83

4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(4- (ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 84

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethanol 85

(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)methanol 86

4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 87

2-(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5- (2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 88

(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 89

4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 90

4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)- 5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 91

2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro- 5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 92

(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro- 5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 93

4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)- 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 94

(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro- 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 95

4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)- 5-(2-cyanophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 96

2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6- dichloro-5-(2-cyanophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 97

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- cyanophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 98

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)- 5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 99

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5- (2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 100

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 101

4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 102

2-(2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 103

(2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 104

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((iso-propyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 105

2-(4-((iso-propyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 106

(4-((iso-propyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 107

2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((iso-propyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 108

2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-5-(2- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 109

2-(4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 110

(4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 111

2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 112

2-(4,6-difluoro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 113

(4,6-difluoro-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol 114

2-(4,6-difluoro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2- (4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 115

2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dimethyl-5-(2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 116

2-(4,6-dimethyl-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 117

2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4,6- dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 118

(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-dimethyl- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 119

2-(6-chloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 120

2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(6-fluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 121

(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(6-fluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 122

N-cyclopropyl-4-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzenesulfonamide 123

N-cyclopropyl-4-(1-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl)benzenesulfonamide 124

2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 124-1

(S)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2- (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 124-2

(R)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2- (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 125

4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole 126

2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 126-1

(R)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 126-2

(S)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol 127

5,7-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-6-(4,4- difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 128

2-(7-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanamine 129

N-(2-(7-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) ethyl)acetamide 130

3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoic acid 131

3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 132

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2- isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 133

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(5,7-dichloro-6- (2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol 134

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 135

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 136

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5- (2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole 137

2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2- ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol 138

(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5- (2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 139

(S)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 140

(R)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 141

3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) propanamide 142

3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) propan-1-ol 143

3-(5-chloro-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 144

3-(5-chloro-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 145

3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 146

(S)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 147

(R)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 148

(S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 149

(R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 150

(R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 151

(S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) propanamide 152

(S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 153

(R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3- (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide 154

3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4- difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide

3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) propan-1-ol 155

(S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 156

(R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol 157

3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4- difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol 158

3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide 159

3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol 160

(S)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro- 6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol 161

(R)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro- 6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol 162

(S)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonylphenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro- 6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide 163

(R)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4- difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide 164

(S)-4-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine 165

(R)-4-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine 166

(S)-N-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3- (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide 167

(R)-N-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide 168

N-(3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl) acetamide 169

4-(3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl) morpholine 170

4-(3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4- difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl)morpholine 171

N-(3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4- difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl)acetamide

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of formula (IA,

or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, which is an intermediate for the synthesis of the compound of formula (I), wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₃, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇ and n are as         defined in formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of formula (IC) or formula (ID), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof,

wherein:

-   -   R_(a) and R_(b) is hydrogen;     -   ring A, R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in         formula (I).

In some embodiments of the present invention, in a compound of formula (IC) or formula (ID), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, ring A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl and 5 or 6 member heteroaryl, preferably piperidinyl, phenyl, thienyl, furyl and pyridinyl.

Typical intermediate compounds of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the compounds listed in the following table.

Example No. Compound Name

5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole

5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-1H- benzo[d]imidazole

6-bromo-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5,7- difluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

5-bromo-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dimethyl- 1H-benzo[d]imidazole

4-((5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol- 2-yl)methyl)-N-cyclopropylbenzenesulfonamide

5-bromo-6-chloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl) benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4- (ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxypropanamide

N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4- (ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-hydroxypropanamide

N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4- ((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

ethyl 4-((6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1- yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

ethyl 4-((2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1- yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)- 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]- 4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3- yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing the compound of formula (I), comprising a step of coupling a compound of formula (IA) with a compound of formula (IB) under an alkaline condition in the presence of a catalyst to give the compound of formula (I):

wherein:

-   -   G is leaving group, preferably boronic acid or borate, and more         preferably

-   -   ring A,         ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing the compound of formula (I), comprising a step of cyclization of a compound of formula (IC) or (ID) to give the compound of formula (I):

wherein:

-   -   ring A,         ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (I).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing the compound of formula (II), comprising a step of cyclization of a compound of formula (IIC) or formula (IID) to give the compound of formula (II):

wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (II).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing the compound of formula (III), comprising a step of cyclization of a compound of formula (IIIC) or formula (IIID) is subject to intramolecular reaction to give a formula (III):

wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (III).

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for inhibiting a retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I), or the tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or the pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for treating a retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) protein mediated disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of formula (I), or the tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to use of the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for inhibiting RORγ.

In another aspect, the present invention is directed to use of the compound of formula (I), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for treating a RORγ protein mediated disease or disorder.

In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a compound of the formula (I), or a tautomer, a mesomer, a racemate, an enantiomer, a diastereomer or a mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament.

In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a compound of the formula (I), or a tautomer, a mesomer, a racemate, an enantiomer, a diastereomer, or a mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a RORγ inhibitor.

In another aspect, the present invention further relates to a compound of the formula (I), or a tautomer, a mesomer, a racemate, an enantiomer, a diastereomer, or a mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use as a medicament for treating a RORγ protein mediated disease or disorder.

RORγ protein mediated diseases or disorders include, but are not limited to, inflammation and autoimmune diseases and cancers, wherein inflammation and autoimmune diseases include, but are not limited to, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, autoimmune diabetes, type I diabetes, autoimmune ocular disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune polyedocrine syndrome type I, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, asthma, Kawasaki Disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, infectious diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary disease, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis, thyroiditis, dry eye, Uveitis, Behcet's disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, allograft rejection, polymyocitis, grad versus host disease, acne, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, bronchitis, dermatomyositis and allergic rhinitis; and wherein cancers include, but are not limited to, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, synovial sarcoma, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, brain cancer, skin cancer, oral cancer, prostate cancer, bone cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, fallopian tube tumor, ovarian tumor, peritoneal tumor, melanoma, solid tumor, glioma, nerve Glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, mastoid renal tumor, head and neck tumor, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and non-small cell lung cancer.

Definitions

Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein have the following meanings.

“Alkyl” refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably C₁-C₁₂ alkyl, more preferably C₁-C₆ alkyl, sometimes more preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl. Nonlimiting examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, n-heptyl, 2-methylhexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 4-methylhexyl, 5-methylhexyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, 2,4-dimethylpentyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 3,3-dimethylpentyl, 2-ethylpentyl, 3-ethylpentyl, n-octyl, 2,3-dimethylhexyl, 2,4-dimethylhexyl, 2,5-dimethylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylhexyl, 3,3-dimethylhexyl, 4,4-dimethylhexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 3-ethylhexyl, 4-ethylhexyl, 2-methyl-2-ethylpentyl, 2-methyl-3-ethylpentyl, n-nonyl, 2-methyl-2-ethylhexyl, 2-methyl-3-ethylhexyl, 2,2-diethylpentyl, n-decyl, 3,3-diethylhexyl, 2,2-diethylhexyl, and the branched isomers thereof. More preferably an alkyl group is a lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the nonlimiting examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, and the like. The alkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) can be substituted at any available connection point. The substituent group(s) is preferably one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, oxo, carboxyl, and carboxylic ester.

“Alkylene” refers to a hydrogen atom of an alkyl which is further substituted. For example, methylene(-CH₂—), 1,2-ethylene(-CH₂CH₂—), 1,3-propylene(-CH₂CH₂CH₂—), 1,4-butylene(-CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂—), and the like.

“Alkenyl” refers to an alkyl defined as above that has at least two carbon atoms, preferably 2-10 carbons, more preferably 2-6 carbons, sometimes more preferably 2-4 carbons, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond, for example, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-, 2- or 3-butenyl and the like. The alkenyl group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxyl, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxyl, heterocylic alkoxyl, cycloalkylthio and heterocyclylthio.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated and/or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 3 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and most preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Nonlimiting examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctyl, and the like. Polycyclic cycloalkyl includes a cycloalkyl having a spiro ring, fused ring or bridged ring.

“Spiro cycloalkyl” refers to a 5 to 20 membered polycyclic group with rings connected through one common carbon atom (called a spiro atom), wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system, preferably 6 to 14 membered spiro cycloalkyl, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered spiro cycloalkyl. According to the number of the common spiro atoms, spiro cycloalkyl may be divided into mono-spiro cycloalkyl, di-spiro cycloalkyl, or poly-spiro cycloalkyl, and preferably a mono-spiro cycloalkyl or di-spiro cycloalkyl, more preferably 4-membered/4-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro cycloalkyl. Nonlimiting examples of spiro cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to:

“Fused cycloalkyl” refers to a 5 to 20 membered full-carbon polycyclic group, wherein each ring in the system shares an adjacent pair of carbon atoms with another ring, wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system, preferably 6 to 14 membered fused cycloalkyl, more preferably 7 to 10 membered fused cycloalkyl. According to the number of membered rings, fused cycloalkyl may be divided into bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic or polycyclic fused cycloalkyl, preferably bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic fused cycloalkyl, and more preferably bicyclic or tricyclic. Nonlimiting examples of fused cycloalkyl include, but are not limited to:

“Bridged cycloalkyl” refers to a 5 to 20 membered full-carbon polycyclic group, wherein every two rings in the system share two disconnected atoms, wherein the rings may have one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system, preferably 6 to 14 membered bridged cycloalkyl, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered bridged cycloalkyl. According to the number of membered rings, bridged cycloalkyl may be divided into bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic or polycyclic bridged cycloalkyl, and preferably bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic bridged cycloalkyl, and more preferably bicyclic or tricyclic bridged cycloalkyl. Nonlimiting examples of bridged cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to:

Said cycloalkyl include above cycloalkyl fused to aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, wherein the ring bound to the parent structure is cycloalkyl. Nonlimiting examples include indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, benzocycloheptyl and the like. The cycloalkyl may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more group(s) independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, oxo, carboxyl, carboxylic ester.

“Heterocyclyl” refers to a 3 to 20 membered saturated and/or partially unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group having one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S(O)_(m) (wherein m is an integer selected from 0 to 2) as ring atoms, but excluding —O—O—, —O—S— or —S—S— in the ring, and the remaining ring atoms being carbon atoms. Preferably, heterocyclyl has 3 to 12 atoms with 1 to 4 heteroatoms, more preferably 3 to 6 atoms. Nonlimiting examples of monocyclic heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, homopiperazinyl and the like. Polycyclic heterocyclyl includes a heterocyclyl having a spiro ring, fused ring or bridged ring.

“Spiro heterocyclyl” refers to a 5 to 20 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl with rings connected through one common atom (called a spiro atom), wherein said rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S(O)_(m) (wherein m is an integer selected from 0 to 2) as ring atoms and the remaining ring atoms being carbon atoms, wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system; preferably 6 to 14 membered spiro heterocyclyl, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered spiro heterocyclyl. According to the number of common spiro atoms, spiro heterocyclyl may be divided into mono-spiro heterocyclyl, di-spiro heterocyclyl, or poly-spiro heterocyclyl, preferably mono-spiro heterocyclyl or di-spiro heterocyclyl, and more preferably 4-membered/4-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl. Nonlimiting examples of spiro heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to:

“Fused heterocyclyl” refers to a 5 to 20 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl group, wherein each ring in the system shares an adjacent pair of atoms with another ring, wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system, and wherein said rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S(O)_(m) (wherein m is an integer selected from 0 to 2) as ring atoms, and the remaining ring atoms being carbon atoms; preferably 6 to 14 membered fused heterocyclyl, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered fused heterocyclyl. According to the number of membered rings, fused heterocyclyl may be divided into bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic or polycyclic fused heterocyclyl, preferably bicyclic or tricyclic fused heterocyclyl, and more preferably 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered bicyclic fused heterocyclyl. Nonlimiting examples of fused heterocyclyl include, but are not limited to:

“Bridged heterocyclyl” refers to a 5 to 14 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl group, wherein every two rings in the system share two disconnected atoms, wherein the rings may have one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system, and the rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S(O)_(m) (wherein m is an integer selected from 0 to 2) as ring atoms, and the remaining ring atoms being carbon atoms; preferably 6 to 14 membered bridged heterocyclyl, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered bridged heterocyclyl. According to the number of membered rings, bridged heterocyclyl may be divided into bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic or polycyclic bridged heterocyclyl, and preferably bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic bridged heterocyclyl, and more preferably bicyclic or tricyclic bridged heterocyclyl. Nonlimiting examples of bridged heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to:

Said heterocyclyl includes above heterocyclyl fused to aryl, heteroaryl or cycloalkyl, wherein the ring bound to the parent structure is heterocyclyl. Nonlimiting examples include, but are not limited to:

etc. The heterocyclyl may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more group(s) independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, oxo, carboxyl, carboxylic ester. “Aryl” refers to a 6 to 14 membered full-carbon monocyclic ring or polycyclic fused ring (i.e. each ring in the system shares an adjacent pair of carbon atoms with another ring in the system) group having a completely conjugated pi-electron system; preferably 6 to 10 membered aryl, more preferably phenyl and naphthyl, and most preferably phenyl. The aryl includes above aryl fused to heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the ring bound to parent structure is aryl. Nonlimiting examples include, but are not limited to:

preferably

The aryl may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, amino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, and carboxylic ester.

“Heteroaryl” refers to 5 to 14 membered aryl having 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N as ring atoms and remaining ring atoms being carbon atoms; preferably 5 to 10 membered heteroaryl, more preferably 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl such as imidazolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, thiadiazole, pyrazinyl, and the like, preferably imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl or thiadiazole; more preferably pyrazolyl. The heteroaryl includes above heteroaryl fused to aryl, heterocyclyl or cycloalkyl, wherein the ring bound to parent structure is heteroaryl. Nonlimiting examples include, but are not limited to:

preferably

The heteroaryl may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent group(s) is preferably one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, carboxyl, and carboxylic ester.

“Alkoxy” refers to an —O-(alkyl) or an —O-(unsubstituted cycloalkyl) group, wherein the alkyl is as defined above. Nonlimiting examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like. The alkoxy may be optionally substituted or unsubstituted. When substituted, the substituent is preferably one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, halogen, thiol, hydroxy, nitro, cyano, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, amino, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyl, and carboxylic ester.

“Haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with one or more halogen, wherein alkyl is as defined above.

“Haloalkoxy” refers to an alkoxy substituted with one or more halogen, wherein alkoxy is as defined above.

“Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl substituted with hydroxy, wherein alkyl is as defined above.

“Hydroxy” refers to an —OH group.

“Halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

“Amino” refers to an —NH₂ group.

“Cyano” refers to a —CN group.

“Nitro” refers to an —NO₂ group.

“Oxo” refers to ═O.

“Carboxyl” refers to a —C(O)OH group.

“Carboxylic ester” refers to a —C(O)O(alkyl) or —C(O)O(cycloalkyl) group, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl are as defined above.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the event or circumstance described subsequently can be, but need not be, and such descriptions include the situation in which the event or circumstance may or may not occur. For example, “the heterocyclic group optionally substituted with an alkyl” means that an alkyl group can be, but need not be, present, and such description includes the situation of the heterocyclic group being substituted with an alkyl and the heterocyclic group being not substituted with an alkyl.

“Substituted” refers to one or more hydrogen atoms in a group, preferably up to 5, more preferably 1 to 3 hydrogen atoms, independently substituted with a corresponding number of substituents. It goes without saying that the substituents only exist in their possible chemical position. The person skilled in the art is able to determine whether the substitution is possible or impossible by experiments or theory without paying excessive efforts. For example, when amino or hydroxy with free hydrogen is bound to a carbon atoms having unsaturated bonds (such as olefinic) may be unstable.

For any substituents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylamino, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkoxy, heterocylic alkoxy, cycloalkylthio, heterocyclylthio, and carboxylic ester mentioned throughout the application, any alkyl is preferably C₁-C₆ alkyl, sometimes more preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl; any alkenyl is preferably C₂-C₆ alkenyl, sometimes more preferably C₁-C₄ alkenyl; any alkynyl is preferably C₂-C₆ alkynyl, sometimes more preferably C₁-C₄ alkynyl; any cycloalkyl is preferably C₃-C₆ cycloalkyl; any heterocyclyl is preferably 5- to 10-membered, sometimes more preferably 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl; any aryl is preferably C₆-C₁₀ aryl, more preferably phenyl; any heteroaryl is 5- to 10-membered, sometimes more preferably 5- or 6-membered, heteroaryl; and any carboxylic ester is preferably C₁-C₄ alkyl ester, sometimes more preferably methyl or ethyl ester.

A “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of the compounds according to the present invention or physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof and other chemical components such as physiologically/pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients. The purpose of a pharmaceutical composition is to facilitate administration of a compound to an organism and the absorption of the active ingredient and thus displaying biological activity.

The compounds of the present disclosure can exist as pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be any acid addition salt formed by a compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, citric, maleic, malonic, mandelic, succinic, fumaric, acetic, lactic, nitric, sulfonic, p-toluene sulfonic, methane sulfonic acid, or the like.

“Solvate” refers to a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more, preferably one to three, solvent molecules, whether organic or inorganic. This physical association includes hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more, preferably one to three, solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. Exemplary solvates include, but are not limited to, hydrates, ethanolates, methanolates, and isopropanolates. Methods of solvation are generally known in the art.

“Therapeutically effective amount” refers to the total amount of each active component that is sufficient to show a meaningful patient benefit, e.g., a sustained reduction in viral load. When applied to an individual active ingredient, administered alone, the term refers to that ingredient alone. When applied to a combination, the term refers to combined amounts of the active ingredients that result in the therapeutic effect, whether administered in combination, serially, or simultaneously.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended use.

“Patient” or “subject” includes both human and other mammalian animals, including but not limited to cats, dogs, cows, horses, or the like.

“Treating” or “treatment” refers to: (i) inhibiting the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e., arresting its development; and (ii) relieving the disease, disorder, or condition, i.e., causing regression of the disease, disorder, and/or condition. In some embodiments, the present invention also includes use of a compound according to any embodiment disclosed for preventing a disease, disorder or condition from occurring in a patient that may be predisposed to the disease, disorder, and/or condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having it;

Any terms in the present application, unless specifically defined, will take the ordinary meanings as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. All references cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

Synthesis Method of the Present Invention

In order to obtain the object of the present invention, the present invention applies the following synthetic technical solutions:

A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) of the present invention, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, the compound of the formula (I-1) is subjected to a condensation reaction with formula (I-2) under alkaline conditions to obtain a compound of the formula (I-3) or formula (I-3′);

Step 2, the formula (I-3) or formula (I-3′) is subjected to an intramolecular reaction in the presence of an acid to give a compound of the formula (IA);

Step 3, the compound of formula (IA) is subject to coupling reaction with formula (IB) under an alkaline condition in the presence of catalyst to give a formula (I);

wherein:

-   -   X is halogen, preferably bromine;     -   G is leaving group, preferably boronic acid or borate; more         preferably

-   -   ring A,         ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (I).

Alkaline reagents include organic base and inorganic base, wherein said organic base includes, but is not limited to, triethylamine, N,N-disopropylethylamine, n-butyllithium, lithium diisopropylamide, potassium acetate, sodium tert-butoxide or potassium tert-butoxide, wherein said inorganic base includes, but is not limited to, sodium hydride, potassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate.

Phosphine palladium-based catalysts include, but are not limited to, 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2,4,6-triisopropylbiphenyl, (±)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), palladium diacetate, [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium, triphenylphosphine and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.

The above reactions are preferably carried out in a solvent. The solvent used includes, but is not limited to, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, and mixtures thereof.

A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) of the present invention, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprising the following steps:

The formula (IC) or formula (ID) is subjected to an intramolecular reaction in the presence of an acid to give a compound of the formula (I);

-   -   wherein:     -   ring A,         ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined formula (I).

The reagents that provide an acidic condition include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, pyridine hydrobromide, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid, preferably pyridine hydrobromide or hydrochloric acid.

The above reactions are preferably carried out in a solvent. The solvent used includes, but not limited to, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, and mixtures thereof.

A process for preparing a compound of formula (II) of the present invention, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprising the following steps:

The formula (IIC) or formula (IID) is subjected to an intramolecular reaction in the presence of an acid to give a compound of the formula (II);

-   -   wherein:     -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined in formula (II).

The reagents that provide an acidic condition include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, pyridine hydrobromide, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid, preferably pyridine hydrobromide or hydrochloric acid.

The above reactions are preferably carried out in a solvent. The solvent used includes, but not limited to, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, and mixtures thereof.

A process for preparing a compound of formula (III) of the present invention, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, comprising the following steps:

The formula (IIIC) or formula (IIID) is subjected to an intramolecular reaction in the presence of an acid to give a compound of the formula (III) wherein:

-   -   ,         , R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as         defined formula (III).

The reagents that provide an acidic condition include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, pyridine hydrobromide, trifluoroacetic acid, formic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid, preferably pyridine hydrobromide or hydrochloric acid.

The above reactions are preferably carried out in a solvent. The solvent used includes, but not limited to, acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, water, N,N-dimethylformamide, and mixtures thereof.

The present invention will be further described with the following examples, but the examples should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.

EXAMPLES

The structures of the compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and/or mass spectrometry (MS). NMR was determined by a Bruker AVANCE-400 or AVANCE III 500. The solvents are deuterated-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d₆), deuterated-chloroform (CDCl₃) and deuterated-methanol (CD₃OD) with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. NMR chemical shifts (6) are given in 10⁻⁶ (ppm).

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was determined on an Agilent 1200DAD high pressure liquid chromatography spectrometer (Sunfire C18 150×4.6 mm chromatographic column) and a Waters 2695-2996 high pressure liquid chromatography spectrometer (Gimini C18 150×4.6 mm chromatographic column).

Chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was determined on LC-10A vp (Shimadzu) or SFC-analytical (Berger Instruments Inc.)

MS was determined by a SHIMADZU (ESI) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (manufacturer: Shimadzu, type: LC-20AD, LCMS-2020).

The known raw materials of the present invention were prepared by the conventional synthesis methods in the art, or purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company, Fisher Scientific or Combi-Blocks, etc.

Unless otherwise stated, the reactions were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere or argon atmosphere.

The term “nitrogen atmosphere” or “argon atmosphere” means that a reaction flask was equipped with a 1 L nitrogen or argon balloon.

The term “hydrogen atmosphere” means that a reaction flask was equipped with a 1 L hydrogen balloon.

Unless otherwise stated, the reaction temperature in the reactions refers to room temperature, and the range of the temperature was 20° C. to 30° C.

The reaction process was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the developing solvent system includes: A: dichloromethane and methanol, B: hexane and ethyl acetate. The ratio of the volume of the solvent was adjusted according to the polarity of the compounds. The elution system for purification of the compounds by column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and CombiFlash flash rapid preparation instrument includes: A: dichloromethane and methanol, B: hexane and ethyl acetate. The ratio of the volume of the solvent was adjusted according to the polarity of the compounds, and sometimes a small amount of basic reagent such as ammonia or acidic reagent such as acetic acid was added.

Final compounds were purified by Shimadzu (LC-20AD, SPD20A) Prepative HPLC (Phenomenex Gemini-NX 5 uM C18 21.2×100 mm column) with an elution system: C: 0.075% TFA in water and 0.075% TFA in MeOH or D: 0.075% TFA in water and 0.075% TFA in CH₃CN.

The following abbreviations are used:

TEA is triethylamine,

DIPEA is N,N-diisopropylethylamine,

EDCI is N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, HOBt is 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate, DCM is dichloromathene, HBTU is O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate,

DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide,

NMR is proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and MS is mass spectroscopy with (+) referring to the positive mode which generally gives a M+1 (or M+H) absorption where M=the molecular mass. Prep HPLC is Prepative High performance liquid chromatography.

Example 1 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Step 1. Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)phenyl)acetate

To a solution of 2-(4-mercaptophenyl) acetic acid (3.4 g, 0.02 mol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (20 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (11 g, 0.04 mol) and iodoethane (6.4 g, 0.06 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT. After 2.5 hours, the starting material was totally consumed. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (30 ml) and water (30 ml). The organic phase was washed with water (30 ml) and brine (20 ml), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated to give the desired product ethyl [4-(ethylthio)phenyl]acetate (3.6 g, 80%) as a pale yellow solid, MS (+) ES: 225 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate

To a 250 ml round bottom flask, were added ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)phenyl)acetate (5.5 g, 0.0245 mol) and dichloromethane (82.5 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. To the same flask, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (12.6 g, 0.073 mol) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The resulting suspension was filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was washed with water. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get the title compound as an oil that was solidified upon standing (4.7 g, 75%), MS (+) ES: 257 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To a 50 mL round bottom flask, were added ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (2.56 g, 0.01 mol) and ethanol (18 ml). To the same flask, a solution of sodium hydroxide in water (1.42 g, 0.0355 mol in 18 ml of water) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was acidified with IN HCl to pH 5.0 and extracted with ethyl acetate (15 ml×3). The organic layer was separated and combined, washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the title compound as a colorless oil that was solidified upon standing (2.0 g, 85%), MS (+) ES: 229 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of 2-bromo-1,3-dichloro-4,5-dinitrobenzene

2-bromo-1,3-dichloro-5-nitrobenzene (2.7 g, 0.01 mol) was carefully added into a pre-prepared solution of fuming nitric acid (10 ml) and concentrated sulfuric acid (10 ml) with stirring. After the addition, the mixture was heated to 50° C. in a water bath for two hours until the completion of the reaction (LCMS monitor). The mixture was then cooled and poured onto ice. The yellow precipitate was collected by filtration and washed thoroughly with water and dried to afford the product as a yellow solid (3 g, 95%), MS (+) ES: 314 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of 4-bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine

To a stirred mixture of AcOH (50 ml) and EtOH (100 ml) was suspended 2-bromo-1,3-dichloro-4,5-dinitrobenzene (3.1 g, 0.01 mol) and iron powder (4.4 g, 0.08 mol). The reaction mixture was heated slowly to a gentle reflux and allowed to stir for 1 hour. The reaction mixture then was cooled to room temperature, diethyl ether (50 ml) and water (50 ml) were added. The solution was carefully neutralized by the addition of solid sodium carbonate. The organic phase was separated and the water phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 ml). The organic phases were combined and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (2×30 ml), H₂O (2×30 ml) and brine (1×30 ml), then dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated to dryness under vacuum to yield the title compound as a off-white solid (2.0 g, 78%), MS (+) ES: 255 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6. Preparation of N-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

1-Ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (2.0 g, 0.01 mol) and benzotriazol-1-ol (1.35 g, 0.01 mol) were added into a cooled solution (ice water bath) of 4-bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (2.55 g, 0.01 mol) and 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (step 3, 2.28 g, 0.01 mol) in DMF (10 ml), portionwise, over 30 min. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for 60 min and was allowed to warm-up to room temp, stirred overnight. The mixture was partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄, filtered. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a off-white solid which was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a off-white solid (3.5 g, 75%), MS (+) ES: 466 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7. Preparation of 5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

N-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide(step 6) (3.5 g, 0.0075 mol) was mixed with acetic acid (25 ml) and the mixture was heated to 100° C. for 4 hours, cooled. The solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over MgSO₄. This product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a white solid (2.7 g, 80%), MS (+) ES: 448 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8. Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

A mixture of 5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (step 7) (448 mg, 1 mmol), phenylboronic acid (363 mg, 3 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (60 mg), tri(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (60 mg) and sodium carbonate (2M solution) in 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) was degassed, sealed and heated to 100° C. under Microwave irradiation for 1 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product 320 mg (72% yield), MS (+) ES: 445 (M+H)⁺.

Example 2 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

Step 1. Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (example 1) (4.5 mg, 0.01 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 ml), MnO₂ (5 mg, 0.058 mmol) was added at room temp. The mixture was stirred and heated to 60° C. for 60 min until the completion (LCMS monitor). After cooling, the solid was filtered off and the product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (4 mg. 87%), MS (+) ES: 459 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

(4,6-dichloro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone (example 3, step 1) (4 mg, 0.0087 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (0.5 ml), sodium borohydride (1.6 mg, 0.044 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min until completion. The product was purified by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford a white solid (3.3 mg, 82%), MS (+) ES: 461 (M+H)⁺.

Example 3 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

In accordance with the synthetic route of example 1, the starting material, phenylboronic acid in step 8 was replaced with 2-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid, accordingly, the title compound was obtain as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 513 (M+H)⁺.

Example 4 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (5.3 mg, 0.01 mmol) was dissolved in 0.1 ml anhydrous DMSO, paraformylaldehyde (0.6 mg, 0.02 mmol) wan added with stirring, followed by the addition of powder sodium ethoxide (1.2 mg, 0.02 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temp for 60 min. The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford the product as a white solid (3.8 mg, 70% yield), MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Example 5 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)⁺.

Example 6 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 505 (M+H)⁺.

Example 7 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 491 (M+H)⁺.

Example 8 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 2-isopropyloxyphenylboronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 503 (M+H)⁺.

Example 9 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 533 (M+H)⁺.

Example 10 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 519 (M+H)⁺.

Example 11 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 493 (M+H)⁺.

Example 12 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 479 (M+H)⁺.

Example 13 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 2-methoxymethoxyphenylboronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 505 (M+H)⁺.

Example 14 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-methoxymethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 535 (M+H)⁺.

Example 15 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 534 (M+H)⁺.

Example 16 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 2-ethoxyphenylboronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 489 (M+H)⁺.

Example 17 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 519 (M+H)⁺.

Example 18 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 505 (M+H)⁺.

Example 19 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using (2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)boronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 519 (M+H)⁺.

Example 20 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 21 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 535 (M+H)⁺.

Example 22 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 500 (M+H)⁺.

Example 23 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-2-((4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 486 (M+H)⁺.

Example 24 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 3-thiophenylboronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 451 (M+H)⁺.

Example 25 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 481 (M+H)⁺.

Example 26 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 467 (M+H)⁺.

Example 27 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)-N,N-dimethylaniline

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using (2-(dimethylamino)phenyl)boronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 488 (M+H)⁺.

Example 28 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 2-difluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid pinacol ester instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 511 (M+H)⁺.

Example 29 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 541 (M+H)⁺.

Example 30 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 527 (M+H)⁺.

Example 31 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 543 (M+H)⁺.

Example 32 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 573 (M+H)⁺.

Example 33 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Example 34 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 541 (M+H)⁺.

Example 35 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 557 (M+H)⁺.

Example 36 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-1H-benzol[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 except by using 2-isopropylphenylboronic acid instead of phenylboronic acid in step 8 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 487 (M+H)⁺.

Example 37 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-isopropylphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 517 (M+H)⁺.

Example 38 Preparation of (E,Z)-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone oxime

The mixture of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone (52 mg, 0.1 mmol) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (14 mg, 0.2 mmol) in anhydrous pyridine (1 ml) was heated to 70° C. for 2 h. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to dryness. The product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a white solid (42 mg, 78%), MS (+) ES: 540 (M+H)⁺.

Example 39 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanamine

The mixture of (E,Z)-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanone oxime (42 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (2 ml). To this solution was added borane 1M THF solution (4 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The volatile solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was directly purified by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford a white solid (18 mg, 45%), MS (+) ES: 526 (M+H)⁺.

Example 40 Preparation of N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl)acetamide

Acetyl chloride solution (in DCM) (1 eq) was added to a cooled solution (ice-water bath) of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanamine (example 39) (4 mg, 0.0076 mmol) and triethyl amine (1 eq) in dichloromethane (0.5 ml). The mixture was stirred for 30 min before the dichloromethane was evaporated. The residue was directly separated by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford a white solid (2.6 mg, 42%), MS (+) ES: 568 (M+H)⁺.

Example 41 Preparation of N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl)-2-methoxyacetamide

Similar method was applied as of example 40 to give the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 598 (M+H)⁺.

Example 42 Preparation of N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl)-3,5-dimethylisoxazole-4-carboxamide

Similar method was applied as of example 40 to give the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 649 (M+H)⁺.

Example 43 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanamine

Similar method was applied as of example 39 to give the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 544 (M+H)⁺.

Example 44 Preparation of N-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methyl)acetamide

Similar method was applied as of example 40 to give the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 586 (M+H)⁺.

Example 45 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 499 (M+H)⁺.

Example 46 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 529 (M+H)⁺.

Example 47 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 28 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 497 (M+H)⁺.

Example 48 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 29 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 527 (M+H)⁺.

Example 49 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 30 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 513 (M+H)⁺.

Example 50 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(prop ylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 543 (M+H)⁺.

Example 51 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(propylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 6 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 573 (M+H)⁺.

Example 52 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(propylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 7 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Example 53 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Example 54 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 6 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 589 (M+H)⁺.

Example 55 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-((2-methoxyethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 7 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 575 (M+H)⁺.

Example 56 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 515 (M+H)⁺.

Example 57 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 6 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)⁺.

Example 58 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 7 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 531 (M+H)⁺.

Example 59 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 583 (M+H)⁺.

Example 60 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 6 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 613 (M+H)⁺.

Example 61 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 547 (M+H)⁺.

Example 62 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 63 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 531 (M+H)⁺.

Example 64 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((2-fluoroethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 561 (M+H)⁺.

Example 65 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-(4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 553 (M+H)⁺.

Example 66 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 555 (M+H)⁺.

Example 67 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 585 (M+H)⁺.

Example 68 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 571 (M+H)⁺.

Example 69 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 539 (M+H)⁺.

Example 70 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 569 (M+H)⁺.

Example 71 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 555 (M+H)⁺.

Example 72 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by using essentially the same scope of example 1 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 537 (M+H)⁺.

Example 73 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 567 (M+H)⁺.

Example 74 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 519 (M+H)⁺.

Example 75 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This product was prepared by essentially the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 505 (M+H)⁺.

Example 76 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Step 1. Preparation of methyl 2-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)acetate

2-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)acetic acid (4.0 g, 0.02 mol) in methanol (20 ml) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (1 ml). The solution was heated to reflux overnight. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated to a small amount and partitioned between ether (30 ml) and water. The ether phase was separated and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (30 ml). The organic phase was then separated again and washed with water, dried over MgSO₄. The solid was filtered off and evaporation of the solvent to give the product pure enough for the next step (3.8 g, 88%), MS (+) ES: 214 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of methyl 2-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)acetate

To a 50 ml round bottom flask, were added methyl 2-(2-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)acetate (3.8 g, 0.018 mol) and ethyl acetate (30 ml). To the same flask, 10 percent palladium on activated carbon (0.5 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred under hydrogen gas (using bladder) atmosphere for 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the title compound (2.8 g, 86%), MS (+) ES: 184 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 2-(2-fluoro-4-mercaptophenyl)acetic acid

A solution of sodium nitrite (1.06 g, 0.015 mol) in 16 ml of water was added drop wise at 0° C., to a stirred suspension of methyl 2-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)acetate (2.8 g, 0.015 mol) in 50 ml of water and 3.8 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was stirred at the same temperature for a further 60 minutes. This cold diazonium salt solution was then added dropwise at room temperature to a mixture of potassium O-ethyl carbonodithioate (2.8 g), 50 ml of water and 16 ml of a 2 M sodium carbonate solution, and was heated to 45° C. until gas evolution stopped. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the pH was adjusted to 1 with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The oiled xanthogenate ester was extracted with ether. Solvent was evaporated to give a dark red liquid 2-(4-(ethoxycarbonothioyl)thio)-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid methyl ester (3.5 g), MS (+) ES: 288 (M+H)⁺.

The above oily product was dissolved in ethanol (10 ml), a solution of KOH (1.8 g) in water (10 ml) was added and the mixture heated to reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated to a small amount and acidified with concentrated HCl. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 ml×3). The combined organic phase was dried over MgSO₄, the solid was filtered off. Evaporation of the solvent to afford the crude product (2.5 g, 89%), MS (+) ES: 187 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)-2-fluorophenyl)acetate

2-(2-fluoro-4-mercaptophenyl)acetic acid (2.5 g, 0.013 mol) was dissolved in DMF (25 ml), followed by the addition of cesium carbonate (13.0 g, 0.039 mol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min before Iodoethane (6 g, 0.039 mol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temp overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (20 ml) and water (30 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄. The solid was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated to dryness. This product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford an oil (2.8 g, 86%), MS (+) ES: 243 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetate

Ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)-2-fluorophenyl)acetate (2.8 g, 0.012 mol) was dissolved in DCM (50 ml). The solution was cooled to 0° C. with an ice bath. MCPBA (6.0 g) was added in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then filtered to remove the solid. The filtrate was washed with sat. sodium carbonate solution (30 ml×2), water (30 ml), brine (30 ml), dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the target compound ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetate (2.0 g, 64%), MS (+) ES: 275 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6. Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid

To a solution of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetate (2.0 g, 7.3 mmol) in ethanol (30 ml) was added a solution of NaOH (1.0 g) in water (10 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure, and 20 mL of water was added. The aqueous phase was acidified to pH=1 with 6 M HCl, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (50 ml), dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to afford an oil which solidified upon standing (1.6 g, 90%), MS(+) ES: 247 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7. Preparation of N-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetamide

1-Ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (1.0 g, 5 mmol) and benzotriazol-1-ol (0.7 g, 5 mmol) were added into a cooled solution (ice water bath) of 4-bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (1.28 g, 5 mmol) and 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid (example 93, step 6, 1.23 g, 5 mmol) in DMF (10 ml) portion wise. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for 60 min and was allowed to warm-up to room temp, stirred overnight. The mixture was partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄, filtered. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a off-white solid which was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a solid (1.7 g, 70%), MS (+) ES: 484 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8. Preparation of 5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

N-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)acetamide (step 7) (1.7 g, 3.5 mmol) was mixed with acetic acid (10 ml) and the mixture was heated to 100° C. for 4 hours, cooled. The solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over MgSO₄. This product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a white solid (1.2 g, 73%), MS (+) ES: 466 (M+H)⁺.

Step 9. Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

A mixture of 5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (step 8) (47 mg, 0.1 mmol), 2-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid (62 mg, 0.3 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (6 mg), tri(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (6 mg) and sodium carbonate (2M solution) in 1,4-dioxane (0.6 ml) was degassed and heated to 100° C. under Microwave irradiation for 1 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product (38 mg, 70% yield), MS (+) ES: 547 (M+H)⁺.

Example 77 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 78 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 563 (M+H)⁺.

Example 79 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 547 (M+H)⁺.

Example 80 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 573 (M+H)⁺.

Example 81 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 603 (M+H)⁺.

Example 82 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 589 (M+H)⁺.

Example 83 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 76 by using 2-difluorophenylboronic acid instead of 2-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid in step 9 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 529 (M+H)*.

Example 84 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Example 85 Preparation of (4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)⁺.

Example 86 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 563 (M+H)⁺.

Example 87 Preparation of 2-(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 593 (M+H)⁺.

Example 88 Preparation of (2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 579 (M+H)⁺.

Example 89 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)⁺.

Example 90 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 589 (M+H)⁺.

Example 91 Preparation of 2-(2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 619 (M+H)⁺.

Example 92 Preparation of (2-chloro-4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 605 (M+H)⁺.

Example 93 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 505 (M+H)⁺.

Example 94 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 521 (M+H)⁺.

Example 95 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 496 (M+H)⁺.

Example 96 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-2-(1-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 526 (M+H)⁺.

Example 97 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-2-((4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(hydroxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl)benzonitrile

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 512 (M+H)⁺.

Example 98 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorobenzyl)-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 555 (M+H)⁺.

Example 99 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 585 (M+H)⁺.

Example 100 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)-2-fluorophenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 571 (M+H)⁺.

Example 101 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 102 Preparation of 2-(2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 579 (M+H)⁺.

Example 103 Preparation of (2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 565 (M+H)⁺.

Example 104 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((isopropylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 76 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 543 (M+H)⁺.

Example 105 Preparation of 2-(4-((iso-propyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 573 (M+H)⁺.

Example 106 Preparation of (4-((iso-propyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Example 107 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 557 (M+H)⁺.

Example 108 Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Step 1. Preparation of N-(4-bromo-3,5-difluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide

KNO₃ was added into a cooled (ice-water) solution of 4-bromo-3,5-difluoroaniline (2 g, 0.01 mol) in trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (10 ml) in one portion. Then the reaction mixture was allowed to worm-up to room temp with stirring overnight. The solvent was evaporated to dryness and the residue was treated with ethyl acetate, washed with sat. sodium bicarbonate solution, water, dried over MgSO₄. The solid was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated. The product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a off-white solid (1.8 g, 51%), MS (+) ES: 349 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of 4-bromo-3,5-difluoro-2-nitroaniline

A mixture of K₂CO₃ (0.95 g, 6.9 mmol) and N-(4-bromo-3,5-difluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (2 g, 5.7 mmol) in methanol (20 ml) was heated to 50° C. for 3 h. After cooling, water (50 ml) was added and the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed thoroughly with water and dried in vacuum to afford the product as a off-white solid (1.4 g, 98%) which was used directly to the next step without purification, MS (+) ES: 253 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 4-bromo-3,5-difluorobenzene-1,2-diamine

To a stirred mixture of AcOH (50 ml) and EtOH (100 ml) was suspended 4-bromo-3,5-difluoro-2-nitroaniline (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) and iron powder (4.4 g, 0.08 mol). The reaction was heated slowly to reflux and allowed to stir for 1 hour. The reaction was cooled to room temperature then diethyl ether (50 ml) and water (50 ml) was added. The solution was carefully neutralized by the addition of sodium carbonate. The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (2×30 ml), H₂O (2×30 ml) and brine (1×30 ml) then dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to dryness under vacuum to yield the title compound as a white solid (1.6 g, 71%), MS (+) ES: 223 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of N-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

1-Ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (2.0 g, 0.01 mol) and benzotriazol-1-ol (1.35 g, 0.01 mol) were added into a cooled solution (ice-water bath) of 4-bromo-3,5-difluorobenzene-1,2-diamine (2.2 g, 0.01 mol) and 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (example 1, step 3, 2.28 g, 0.01 mol) in DMF (10 ml) portion-wise over 30 min. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for 60 min at 0-5° C., and then was allowed to warm-up to room temp with stirring overnight. The mixture was partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄, filtered. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a off-white solid that was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a solid (3.5 g, 80%), MS (+) ES: 433 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of 5-bromo-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

N-(6-amino-3-bromo-2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (step 4) (3.5 g, 0.0075 mol) was mixed with acetic acid (25 ml) and the mixture was heated to 100° C. for 4 hours, cooled. The solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over MgSO₄. This product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a white solid (2.8 g, 85%), MS (+) ES: 415 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6. Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

A mixture of 5-bromo-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (42 mg, 0.1 mmol), 2-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid (62 mg, 0.003 mol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (6 mg), tri(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (6 mg) and sodium carbonate (2M solution, 0.2 ml) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 ml) was degassed, sealed and heated to 100° C. under Microwave irradiation for 1 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a flash solid cartridge and flash chromatographed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product (34 mg, 68% yield), MS (+) ES: 497 (M+H)⁺.

Example 109 Preparation of 2-(4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 527 (M+H)⁺.

Example 110 Preparation of (4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 513 (M+H)⁺.

Example 111 Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-difluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the same method as of example 91, except by using 2-trifluoromethylphenylboronic acid instead of 2-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid in step 6, to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 481 (M+H)⁺.

Example 112 Preparation of 2-(4,6-difluoro-5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 92 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 461 (M+H)⁺.

Example 113 Preparation of (4,6-difluoro-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 93 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 459 (M+H)⁺.

Example 114 Preparation of 2-(4,6-difluoro-5-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 92 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 443 (M+H)⁺.

Example 115 Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dimethyl-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by the same procedure as described in example 108 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 473 (M+H)⁺.

Example 116 Preparation of 2-(4,6-dimethyl-5-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 503 (M+H)⁺.

Example 117 Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 77 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 465 (M+H)⁺.

Example 118 Preparation of (4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 78 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 451 (M+H)⁺.

Example 119 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 525 (M+H)⁺.

Example 120 Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(6-fluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 4 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 509 (M+H)⁺.

Example 121 Preparation of (4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)(6-fluoro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 2 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 495 (M+H)⁺.

Example 122 Preparation of N-cyclopropyl-4-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzenesulfonamide

Step 1. Preparation of 2-(4-(chlorosulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To chlorosulfonic acid (35 ml) was dropped 2-phenylacetic acid (5 g, 36.724 mmol) at 0° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour and then at room temperature over night. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was slowly cooled to 0° C. and poured on to ice carefully. The resulting solid was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) and dried over MaSO₄. The solid was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave a off-white solid to give the target compound (6.8 g, 78%), MS (+) ES: 235 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of 2-(4-(N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To a stirred solution of 2-(4-(chlorosulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (234 mg, 1.0 mmol) and i-Pr2NEt (0.52 mL, 2.86 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added cyclopropylamine (0.076 mL, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at rt, diluted with EtOAc (80 mL), washed with 5 percent aq HCl (2×10 mL) and brine (10 mL), and dried over Mg₂SO₄. Removal of the solvent left the product as a gummy solid (180 mg, 70%). MS (+) ES: 256 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of N-(2-amino-4-bromo-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-(N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide

To 2-(4-(N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl)phenyl)acetic acid (255 mg, 1 mmol) in DMF was added 4-bromo-3,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (255 mg, 1 mmol), HOBt(135 mg, 1 mmol), triethylamine (202 mg, 2 mmol), followed by the addition of EDCI (191 mg, 1 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min and was allowed to reach room temperature and stirred over night. The reaction solution was partitioned between ethyl acetate (15 ml) and water (15 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄. Evaporation of the solvent to leave a tan solid that was directly used for the next step without purification (490 mg, 99% yield), MS (+) ES: 492 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of 4-((5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-N-ethylbenzenesulfonamide

N-(2-amino-4-bromo-3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-(N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl)phenyl)acetamide (490 mg, 1 mmol) in acetic acid (5 ml) was heated to 80° C. for 3 h. After cooling, the solvent was evaporated to dryness and dissolved in ethyl acetate 910 ml), washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over MgSO₄. Evaporation of the ethyl acetate to leave a solid that was purified with flash chromatography with solvent hexane/ethyl acetate (containing 10% MeOH), to afford the product as a white solid 288 mg (60% yield), MS (+) ES: 474 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of N-cyclopropyl-4-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzenesulfonamide (example 164)

A mixture of 4-((5-bromo-4,6-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-N-cyclopropylbenzenesulfinamide (step 4) (238 mg, 0.5 mmol), 2-trifluoromethoxyphenylboronic acid (308 mg, 1.5 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (24 mg), tri(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (24 mg) and sodium carbonate (1 ml, 2M solution) in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 ml) was degassed, sealed and heated to 100° C. under Microwave irradiation for 1 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product 83 mg (30% yield), MS (+) ES: 556 (M+H)⁺.

Example 123 Preparation of N-cyclopropyl-4-(1-(4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethyl)benzenesulfonamide

To N-cyclopropyl-4-((4,6-dichloro-5-(2-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)benzenesulfonamide (5.7 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DMSO (0.05 ml) was added paraformaldehyde (0.6 mg, 0.02 mmol), followed by the addition of sodium ethoxide (1.3 mg, 0.002 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 60 min and by directly by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford the product as a white solid 3.8 mg (66% yield), MS (+) ES: 586 (M+H)⁺.

Example 124 Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

Step 1. Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)phenyl)acetate

To a solution of (4-mercaptophenyl) acetic acid (3.4 g, 0.02 mol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (20 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (11 g, 0.08 mol) and (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (8.1 g, 0.06 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT. After 2.5 hours, the starting material was totally consumed. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (30 ml) and water (30 ml). The organic phase was washed with water (30 ml) and brine (20 ml), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated to give the desired product. %), MS (+) ES: 277 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetate

To a 250 ml round bottom flask, were added cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)phenyl)acetate (6.76 g, 0.0245 mol) and dichloromethane (82.5 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. To the same flask, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (12.6 g, 0.073 mol) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The resulting suspension was filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was washed with water. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution three times, followed by brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get the title compound as oil, MS (+) ES: 309 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To a 50 mL round bottom flask, were added cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (3.08 g, 0.01 mol) and ethanol (18 ml). To the same flask, a solution of sodium hydroxide in water (1.42 g, 0.0355 mol in 18 ml of water) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was acidified with IN HCl to pH 5.0 and extracted with ethyl acetate (15 ml×3). The organic layer was separated and combined, washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the title compound as a colorless oil that was solidified upon standing (85%). MS (+) ES: 255 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of N-(2-amino-5-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

1-Ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (2.0 g, 0.01 mol) and hydroxybenzotriazol-1-ol (1.35 g, 0.01 mol) were added into a cooled solution (ice water bath) of 4-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (2.21 g, 0.01 mol) and 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (step 3, 2.54 g, 0.01 mol) in DMF (10 ml), portion wise over 30 min. After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for 60 min and was allowed to warm-up to room temp, stirred overnight. The mixture was partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄, filtered. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave an off-white solid which was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as an off-white solid (75%), MS (+) ES: 457 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of 5-bromo-6-chloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

N-(2-amino-5-bromo-4-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (step 4) (3.42 g, 7.5 mmol) was mixed with acetic acid (25 ml) and the mixture was heated to 80° C. for 4 hours, cooled. The solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over MgSO₄. This product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a white solid 2.6 g (80%), MS (+) ES: 439 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6. Preparation of 6-chloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzol[d]imidazole

A mixture of 5-bromo-6-chloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (step 5) (439 mg, 1 mmol), (2-isopropoxyphenyl)boronic acid (495 mg, 3 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (60 mg), tri(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (60 mg) and sodium carbonate (2 ml, 2M solution) in 1,4-dioxane (8 ml) was degassed, sealed and heated to 100° C. under Microwave irradiation for 60 min. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly taken into DCM and loaded onto an ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product 355 mg (72% yield), MS (+) ES: 495 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7. Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

6-chloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (49.5 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ml anhydrous DMSO, paraformylaldehyde (6 mg, 0.2 mmol) wan added with stirring, followed by the addition of powder sodium ethoxide (12 mg, 0.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temp for 60 min. (Check LCMS for completion). The mixture then was treated with EtOAc (10 ml) and washed with sat. NH₄Cl solution, followed by water. The organic phase was dried with MgSO₄. The product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/EtOAc (10% 2N NH3 in MeOH) to afford a white solid 37 mg (70% yield example 124). MS (+) ES: 525 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 124-1 and 124-2 Preparation of (S)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol (example 124-1) and (R)-2-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol (example 124-2)

Example 124 was separated chirally (separation conditions: Dasail 20*200 mm, 5 um; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=1:4 (v/v); flow rate: 30 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (400 mg, 400 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 525 (M+H)⁺

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 6.296 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OZ Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-2 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=3:2 (v/v));

¹H NMR (400 mHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.53 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (s, 0.6H) (due to benzoimidazole taumeriazation), 7.67 (d, 12.0 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 0.4H), 7.43 (s, 0.48H), 7.34 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 0.44H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.08 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (t, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.59-4.43 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.23 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.12 (d, 4.0 Hz, 6H), 0.89-0.75 (m, 1H), 0.49-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.09 (m, 2H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 525 (M+H)⁺

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 11.837 minutes, chiral purity: 98.875% (chromatographic column: OZ Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-2 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=3:2 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, DMSO-d₆): 12.53 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.71 (s, 0.6H) (due to benzoimidazole taumeriazation), 7.67 (d, 12.0 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 0.4H), 7.43 (s, 0.48H), 7.34 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 0.44H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.08 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (t, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.59-4.43 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.95 (m, 1H), 3.23 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.12 (d, 4.0 Hz, 6H), 0.89-0.75 (m, 1H), 0.49-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.18-0.09 (m, 2H).

Example 125 Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Step 1. Preparation of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitroaniline

The mixture of 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitroaniline (241 mg, 1 mmol), 4,4-difluoropiperidine (190 mg, 1.2 mmol) and DIEA (390 mg, 3 mmol) in 8 ml DMSO was heated in a sealed vessel to 108° C. over night. After cooling, the reaction mixture was partitioned between water (30 ml) and ethyl acetate (10 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄. The solid was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated, the residue was directly flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a yellow solid 280 mg (yield 85%), MS (+) ES: 326 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine

The mixture of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitroaniline (200 mg, 0.68 mmol), and Pd/C (20 mg) in 15 ml methanol was hydrogenated with a nitrogen balloon for 2 h. The catalyst was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated to leave tan residue that was directly flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford an oil product 120 mg (yield 66%), (MS (+) ES: 296 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

1-Ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (20 mg, 0.1 mmol) and hydroxybenzotriazol-1-ol (13.5 mg, 0.1 mmol) were added into a cooled solution (ice water bath) of 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (29.6 mg, 0.1 mmol) and 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (22.8 mg, 0.01 mmol) in DMF (1 ml). After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred and allowed to warm up to room temp, stirred overnight. The mixture was partitioned between water (50 ml) and ethyl acetate (50 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄, filtered. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to leave an off-white solid which was mixed with acetic acid (1 ml). The mixture was heated to 80° C. for 2 hours, cooled. The solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure and the residue was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried over MgSO₄. This product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product as a white solid 26 mg (60%), MS (+) ES: 488 (M+H)⁺.

Example 126 Preparation of 2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

Step 1. Preparation of 2,3,4-Trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine

A suspension of 4,5-dichloro-2-nitrobenzenamine (30 g, 145 mmol) and N-chlorosuccinimide (24.2 g, 181.2 mmol) in 250 mL of DMF was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. It was cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice-cooled water (1 mL). The precipitate formed was collected by filtration. It was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic layer was concentrated to get 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine (34.2 g, 97.5% yield) as a brightly yellow solid Step 2. Preparation of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine

A solution of 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine (5 g, 20.7 mmol), N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine (11.8 mL, 62.1 mmol), and 4,4-difluoropiperidine (3.8 g, 31.06 mmol) in 20 mL of DMF was stirred at 105° C. over the weekend. The reaction solution was absorbed onto 20 g of silica gel, loaded to a silica gel column, and eluted with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get the 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine (4.72 g, 70.0% yield) as a brightly yellow solid MS (+) ES: 326 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 3,5-Dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine

To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine (3.5 g, 10.8 mmol) in 30 mL of THF was added zinc powder (7 g) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with ethyl acetate, to get 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (1.85 g, 57.8% yield) as a pale solid MS (+) ES: 296 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

To a solution of 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (350 mg, 1.18 mmol) and 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (225 mg, 0.99 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added EDCI (285 mg, 1.49 mmol) and HBTU (565 mg, 1.49 mmol). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. It was absorbed onto 5 g of silica gel, and loaded onto a silica gel column. The column was eluted with 45% of ethyl acetate in hexanes to get a mixture of N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (410 mg, 81.8% yield) as a white solid MS (+) ES: 506 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of 2-(4-(Ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

The mixture of N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (410 mg) obtained from the previous step was treated with 15 mL of glacial acetic acid at 80° C. for 2 hours. It was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (375 mg, 94.8% yield) as a pale solid MS (+) ES: 488 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6. 2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol

To a solution of get 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) and paraformaldehyde (6.3 mg, 0.21 mmol) in 3 mL of DMSO, was added sodium ethoxide (8.2 mg, 0.12 mmol). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, it was directly loaded to a reverse phase column with elution system D, and purified to get 2-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol (9 mg, 42.5% yield) as a white solid; MS (+) ES: 518 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 126-1 and 126-2 Preparation of (R)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol (Example 126-1) and (S)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)ethanol (Example 126-2)

Example 126 was separated chirally (separation conditions: cellulose-1 20*250 mm, 5 um; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=1:4 (v/v); flow rate: 20 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (420 mg, 410 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 518 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 7.275 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (s, 0.5H), 7.49 (s, 0.5H), 4.59 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (dd, 8.0, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.20 (q, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.21 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 518 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 9.290 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (s, 0.5H), 7.49 (s, 0.5H), 4.59 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (dd, 8.0, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.20 (q, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.21 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 127 Preparation of 5,7-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

Step 1: Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio) phenyl)acetate

To a solution of 2-(4-mercaptophenyl)acetic acid (5 g, 29.7 mmol) in DMF (50 mL), was added cesium carbonate (29.3 g, 89.1 mmol) and cyclopropylmethyl bromide (10 g, 74.21 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was distribute between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio)phenyl)acetate (7.7 g, 93.7% yield) as a colorless oil. MS (+) ES: 277 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate

To a solution of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio)phenyl)acetate (4.07 g, 14.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL), was added MCPBA (7.61 g, 44.3 mmol) at room temperature. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 14 hours. It was distributed between dichloromethane and saturated sodium thiosulfate. The organic layer was washed with 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and brine. It was concentrated and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (4.23 g, 93.0% yield) as a white solid. MS (+) ES: 309 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To a solution of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (2.50 g, 8.1 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL), was added lithium hydroxide nomohydrate (4.1 g, 40.6 mmol) and water (10 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. It was acidified with hydrochloric acid to pH 5, and concentrated to dryness. The solid collected was dissolved in 15% methanol in dichloromethane, and filtered through a silica gel pad, eluting with 15% methanol in dichloromethane, and concentrated to get 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (2.1 g, 97% yield) as a white solid. MS (+) ES: 255 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

To a solution of 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (175 mg, 0.193 mmol) and 2-(4-(cyclopentylmethyl sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (181 mg 0.711 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added EDCI (171 mg, 0.89 mmol) and HBTU (334 mg, 0.89 mmol). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. It was absorbed onto 5 g of silica gel, and loaded onto a silica gel column. The column was eluted with 45% of ethyl acetate in hexanes to get a mixture of N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (230 mg, 73.2% yield) as a white solid. MS (+) ES: 532 (M+H)+).

Step 5: Preparation of 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

The mixture of N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (230 mg) obtained from the previous step was treated with 15 mL of glacial acetic acid at 80° C. for 2 hours. It was concentrated, and purified on a reverse phase column, eluting with 60% acetonitrile in water, to get 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (375 mg, 94.8% yield) as a pale solid; MS (+) ES: 514 (M+H)+;

1H NMR (500 mHz, CDCl₃): 7.85 (d, 5.00 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (s, 0.5H), 7.50 (d, 5.00 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (s, 0.5H), 4.45 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 4H), 3.00 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, 5H), 0.51 (m, 2H), 0.35 (m, 2H).

Example 128 Preparation of 2-(7-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanamine

Step 1. Preparation of benzyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetate

To a suspended CH₂Cl₂ (10 ml) solution of 2-bromo-1-methylpyridinium iodide (2.16 g, 7.2 mmol) was added a mixture of benzyl alcohol (648 mg, 6.0 mmol), 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (1.5 g, 6.0 mmol) and tri-n-butylamine (2.66 g, 14.4 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 ml), and the resulting mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. After evaporation of the solvent, the residue was separated by silica gel column chromatography, and benzyl the product was isolated as a white solid 1.8 g (90% yield). MS (+) ES: 344 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of benzyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoate

A solution of n-butyllithium in THF (1.8 ml, 2.5 M, 4.5 mmol) was added in to a cooled mixture of HMDS (608 mg, 4.56 mmol) in THF (20 ml) dropwise over 20 min with stirring. The mixture was stirred for 30 min before benzyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (1.3 g, 3.8 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added through a syringe dropwise over 10 min. Stirred for another 30 min at −78° C. followed by the addition of 2-(bromomethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (912 mg, 3.8 mmol) in THF (5 ml) was added through a syringe over 10 min. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. and allowed to reach to room temperature overnight. The mixture was treated with methanol carefully and the solvents were evaporated. The product was purified by flash chromatography to afford the product as a White solid 1.4 g (74% yield). MS (+) ES: 504 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid

Benzyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl) propanoate in step 2 (1.4 g, 2.8 mmol) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (20 mL) and Pd(OH)₂ (140 mg) was added and the mixture was hydrogenated with a hydrogen balloon for 8 h. Catalyst was filtered off and the solvent was evaporated to leave a White solid product 900 mg (78% yield). MS (+) ES: 414 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of 6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-diamine

A mixture of 4-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (1.5 g, 6.78 mmol), 2-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2.2 g, 8.15 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (620 mg), tri(tert-butyl) phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (393 mg) and sodium carbonate (1.7 g, 13.7 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) and water (10 mL) was degassed, heated to 90° C. under for 3 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford the product 1.0 g (51.9% yield), MS (+) ES: 285 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of 2-(2-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione

To a mixture of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propanoic acid (step 3, 400 mg, 0.97 mmol) and 6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-diamine (step 4; 275 mg, 0.98 mmol) in DMF (8 ml) was added N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride 224 mg, 1.2 mmol) and 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (162 mg, 1.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, partitioned between ethyl acetate (10 ml) and water (15 ml). The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄. After filtration and evaporation of the solvent the residue was treated with acetic acid (5 ml) and heated to 80° C. for two hours. The mixture was cooled and the acetic acid was evaporated to dryness, dissolved in ethyl acetate (10 ml) washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organic phase was separated and dried over MgSO₄. The product was purified by flash chromatography to afford a white solid 454 mg (70% yield). MS (+) ES: 662 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6. Preparation of 2-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanamine

2-(2-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (step 4, 454 mg, 0.68 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (5 ml). hydrazine hydrate (0.1 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight. The solid precipitate was filtered off and the volatile solvents was evaporated to dryness. The product was purified by flash chromatography to afford the product as a white solid 280 mg (76% yield). MS (+) ES: 532 (M+H)⁺.

Example 129 Preparation of N-(2-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethyl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)ethanamine(example 128) (5.3 mg, 0.01 mmol) and triethyl amine (3 mg, 0.03 mmol) in DCM (0.4 mL) was added acetic anhydride (1.2 mg, 0.012 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 4 h. Solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the product was purified by Prep HPLC to afford the product as a white solid 3.5 mg (66% yield). MS (+) ES: 574 (M+H)⁺

Example 130 Preparation of 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoic acid

Step 1: Preparation of 4-ethoxy-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (250 mg, 1.1 mmol) in THF (8 mL) at −78° C. was added LiHMDS(1M in THF, 2.31 mL). After 50 min, ethyl 2-bromoacetate (147 μL, 1.32 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 3.5 h. 0.1N HCl solution was added to adjust pH to around 4. Extracted with EtOAc three times, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column with elution system A to give yellow oil 29 mg. MS (ESI): 315 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of ethyl 4-((2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a solution of 4-ethoxy-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (27 mg) in DCM (1 mL), 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(65 mg), HATU (150 mg), DIEA (0.1 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. A solution of saturated NaHCO₃ was added, extracted EtOAc three times, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column with elution system A to obtain the title compound 40 mg. MS (ESI): 593 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

Ethyl 4-((2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl) phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (39 mg) in AcOH (2 mL) was heated to 80° C. for 3 h. The mixture was purified by silica gel column with elution system C to give the title compound (18 mg). MS (ESI): 574 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoic acid

Ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (18 mg) in THF (1.5 mL)/MeOH (0.5 mL) was treated with LiOH (1M, 0.2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h until no ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl) propanoate left by LCMS. 1M HCl was added to adjust pH<5. Solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the product was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (elution system: 0.075% TFA in water and 0.075% TFA in MeOH) to afford the title compounds as a white solid (11 mg). MS (ESI): m/z=546 (M+H)⁺.

Example 131 Preparation of 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

To a solution Example 172 (9 mg) in DMF (1 mL) were added NH4Cl (30 mg), HATU (17 mg), DIEA (60 μL). The mixture was stirred a room temperature for 20 h. The solid was filtered off. The filtrate was purified by reverse phase preparative HPLC (elution system: 0.075% TFA in water and 0.075% TFA in MeOH) to afford the title compounds as a white solid (3 mg). MS (ESI): m/z=545 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 132 Preparation of 5,7-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzol[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 529 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 133 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 2 and 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 134 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 559 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 135 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 531 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 136 Preparation of 5,7-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-6-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 515 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 137 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-2-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 138 Preparation of (4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methanol

This compound was prepared by essential the similar method as of example 2 and 124 to afford the product as a white solid, MS (+) ES: 531 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 139 and 140 Preparation of (S)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol and (R)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl) propan-1-ol

Step 1. Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)phenyl)acetate

To a solution of (4-mercaptophenyl) acetic acid (5.0 g, 29.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (100 ml) was added K₂CO₃ (16.4 g, 118.8 mmol) and Iodoethane (9.7 g, 62.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at RT. After 12 hours, the starting material was totally consumed. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (100 ml) and water (50 ml). The organic phase was washed with water (30 ml) and brine (20 ml), dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated to give the desired product ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)phenyl)acetate (6.0 g, 90%) as a pale yellow solid, MS (+) ES: 225 (M+H)⁺

Step 2. Preparation of ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate

To a 250 ml round bottom flask, were added ethyl 2-(4-(ethylthio)phenyl)acetate (6.0 g, 26.7 mmol) and dichloromethane (300 ml). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. To the same flask, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (13.8 g, 80.0 mmol) was added at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The resulting suspension was filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was washed with water. The organic layer was separated, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution followed by brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the crude product. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get the title compound as an oil that was solidified upon standing (6.0 g, 87.5%), MS (+) ES: 257 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To a 250 mL round bottom flask, were added ethyl 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (6.8 g, 26.5 mmol) and methanol (80 ml). To the same flask, a solution of sodium hydroxide in water (2.1 g, 52.5 mmol in 20 ml of water) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was acidified with 1N HCl to pH 5.0 and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 ml×3). The organic layer was separated and combined, washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the title compound as a white solid (3.3 g, 54.5%), MS (+) ES: 229 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of 4-ethoxy-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid

To 2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (1.0 g, 4.4 mmol) in THF (20 mL) at −78° C. was added LiHMDS(1M in THF, 9.0 mL). After 15 min, ethyl 2-bromoacetate (1.1 g, 6.58 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 3.5 h. 0.1N HCl solution was added to adjust pH to around 4. Extracted with EtOAc three times, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column with elution system A to give yellow oil 0.45 g. MS (ESI): 315 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5. Preparation of 2,3,4-Trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine

A suspension of 4,5-dichloro-2-nitrobenzenamine (10 g, 48.3 mmol) and N-chlorosuccinimide (7.7 g, 57.6 mmol) in 100 mL of DMF was stirred at 100° C. for 2 hours. It was cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice-cooled water (500 mL). The precipitate formed was collected by filtration. It was dissolved in dichloromethane and washed with water. The organic layer was concentrated to get 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine (11.0 g, 94.3% yield) as a brightly yellow solid.

Step 6. Preparation of 2,4-Dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine

A solution of 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine (5 g, 20.7 mmol), N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine (8.0 g, 61.9 mmol), and 4,4-difluoropiperidine (10.0 g, 157.6 mmol) in 50 mL of DMF was stirred at 105° C. for 2 days. The reaction solution was absorbed onto 40 g of silica gel, loaded to a silica gel column, and eluted with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get the 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine (2.0 g, 29.6% yield) as a brightly yellow solid. MS (ESI): 326 (M+H)⁺

Step 7. Preparation of 3,5-Dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine

To a solution of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine (2.0 g, 6.1 mmol) in 120 mL of methanol and 30 mL of water was added Fe powder (1.0 g, 18.0 mmol) and NH4Cl (1.0 g, 18.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. It was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with ethyl acetate, to get 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl) benzene-1,2-diamine (0.6 g, 33.0% yield) as a pale solid (LCMS (M+1): 296).

Step 8. Preparation of ethyl 4-((2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a solution of 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (450 mg, 1.43 mmol) and 4-ethoxy-2-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (424 mg, 1.43 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added EDCI (410 mg, 2.15 mmol), HOBT (327 mg, 2.15 mmol) and DIPEA(554 mg, 4.30 mmol). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. It was absorbed onto 5 g of silica gel, and loaded onto a silica gel column. The column was eluted with 45% of ethyl acetate in hexanes to get a mixture of ethyl 4-((2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (385 mg, 45.4% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI): m/z=592 (M+H)⁺.

Step 9. Preparation of ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

The mixture of ethyl 4-((6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (385 mg) obtained from the previous step was treated with 15 mL of glacial acetic acid at 80° C. for 2 hours. It was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (230 mg, 61.6% yield) as a pale solid. MS (ESI): 574 (M+H)⁺

Step 10. Preparation of (S)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol and (R)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl) propan-1-ol

To a solution of ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (300 mg, 0.52 mmol) in THF (20 ml) was added LiAlH₄ (20 mg, 0.52 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. 5.0 mL water was added, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (200 mg).

It was separated chirally (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZH00CD-VC005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase: Hexane/EtOH/DEA=70/30/0.1 (V/V/V); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (85 mg, 89 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 532 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 7.640 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃Cl): 7.90 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (t, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (m, 4H), 3.14-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.23-1.19 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 532 (M+H)⁺.

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 9.398 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (t, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (m, 4H), 3.14-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.38-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.23-1.19 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Example 141 Preparation of 3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

This compound was prepared by the same method as of racemic mixture of Examples 152 and 153. MS (+) ES: 560 (M+H)⁺.

Example 142 Preparation of 3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

This compound was prepared by the same method as of racemic mixture of Examples 155 and 156. MS (+) ES: 547 (M+H)⁺.

Example 143 Preparation of 3-(5-chloro-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

This compound was prepared by the same method as of racemic mixture of Examples 148 and 149. MS (+) ES: 552 (M+H)⁺.

Example 144 Preparation of 3-(5-chloro-6-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

This compound was prepared by the same method as of racemic mixture of Examples 150 and 151. MS (+) ES: 539 (M+H)*.

Example 145 Preparation of 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

This compound was prepared by the same method as of racemic mixture of example 139 and 140. MS (+) ES: 532 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 146 and 147 Preparation of (S)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide and (R)-3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

To a solution of ethyl 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (310 mg, 0.54 mmol) in methanol(20 ml) was added NH₃ (7.7 mL, 7N in methanol, 53.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 h. the mixture was concentrated, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get 3-(4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide (300 mg).

It was separated chirally (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZH00CD-VC005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% methanol; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (140 mg, 135 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 9.537 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.84 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 5.14 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.68 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.2-3.22 (m, 4H), 3.15-3.09 (q, 2H), 3.09-3.03 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.31-1.27 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 545 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 11.851 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.84 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.71 (s, 1H), 5.14 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.68 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.2-3.22 (m, 4H), 3.15-3.09 (q, 2H), 3.09-3.03 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.31-1.27 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Examples 148 and 149 Preparation of (S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide and (R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

To a solution of ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (340 mg, 0.59 mmol) in methanol(5 ml) was added NH₃ (4.1 mL, 7N in methanol, 29.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 h. the mixture was concentrated, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get the title compound (220 mg).

It was separated chirally (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZH00CD-VCO005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% methanol; flow rate: 1.0 m/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide (97 mg, 87 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 552 (M+H)⁺

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 5.617 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=70:30 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.92 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.49 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.31 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.16-7.14 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.03 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00-6.96 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.91 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.34 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.12-3.06 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.16-1.15 (d, 4.0 Hz, 6H), 0.93-0.91 (m, 1H), 0.51-0.49 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.13-0.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 552 (M+H)⁺

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 15.283 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=70:30 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.92 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.49 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.31 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.16-7.14 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.03 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00-6.96 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.91 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.39-3.34 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.12-3.06 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.16-1.15 (d, 4.0 Hz, 6H), 0.93-0.91 (m, 1H), 0.51-0.49 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.13-0.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H).

Examples 150 and 151 Preparation of (R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol and (S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

Step 1: Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio) phenyl)acetate

To a solution of 2-(4-mercaptophenyl)acetic acid (10 g, 59.4 mmol) in DMF (100 mL), was added potassium carbonate (25.0 g, 181.2 mmol) and cyclopropylmethyl bromide (20 g, 148.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. It was distributed between water and ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio)phenyl)acetate (15.0 g, 91.3% yield) as a colorless oil.

Step 2: Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetate

To a solution of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio)phenyl)acetate (15.0 g, 54.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL), was added MCPBA (23.4 g, 135.6 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 14 hours. It was distributed between dichloromethane and saturated sodium thiosulfate. The organic layer was washed with 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and brine. It was concentrated and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (12 g, 71.6% yield) as a white solid.

Step 3: Preparation of 2-(4-(cyclopentylmethyl sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

To a 250 mL round bottom flask, were added cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (15.0 g, 48.6 mmol) and methanol (100 mL). a solution of sodium hydroxide in water (3.8 g, 95.0 mmol in 100 ml of water) was added. The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h. The volatiles were evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was acidified with 1N HCl to pH 3.0 and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml×3). The organic layer was separated and combined, washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the title compound as a white solid (9.0 g, 72.7%), MS (+) ES: 255 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid

To 2-(4-(cyclopentylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (1.0 g, 3.9 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at −78° C. was added LiHMDS(1M in THF, 8.4 mL). After 15 min, ethyl 2-bromoacetate (1.0 g, 5.9 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1.0 h, then 0.1N HCl solution was added to adjust pH to 3-4. Extracted with EtOAc three times, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column with elution system A to give yellow oil 0.8 g, MS (ESI): 341 (M+H)*.

Step 5. Preparation of 4-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine

To a solution of 5-bromo-4-chloro-2-nitroaniline (9.0 g, 35.8 mmol) in 250 mL of methanol and 60 mL of water was added Fe powder (6.0 g, 107.4 mmol) and NH4Cl (5.7 g, 106.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. overnight. It was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with ethyl acetate, to get 4-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (6.0 g, 75.7% yield) as a yellow solid.

Step 6. Preparation of 6-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-diamine

A mixture of 4-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (1.1 g, 5.0 mmol), (2-isopropoxyphenyl)boronic acid (1.1 g, 6.1 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) (454 mg), tri(tert-butyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (288 mg) and sodium carbonate (1.8 g, 14.5 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 ml) and water (10 mL) was degassed, heated to 90° C. under for 3 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product 1.1 g (80% yield), MS (+) ES: 277 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7. Preparation of ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a solution of 6-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-diamine (600 mg, 1.76 mmol) and 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (585 mg, 2.11 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added EDCI (674 mg, 3.53 mmol), HOBT (537 mg, 3.53 mmol) and DIPEA(455 mg, 3.53 mmol). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. It was absorbed onto 5 g of silica gel, and loaded onto a silica gel column. The column was eluted with 45% of ethyl acetate in hexanes to get a mixture of ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (750 mg, 71% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI): 599 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8. Preparation of ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

The mixture of ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl) amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-isopropoxy-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (800 mg) was treated with 15 mL of glacial acetic acid at 80° C. for 2 hours. It was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (700 mg, 90% yield) as a pale solid. MS (ESI): 581 (M+H)⁺.

Step 9. Preparation of (R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol and (S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

To a solution of ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate(440 mg, 0.76 mmol) in THF(20 ml) was added LiAlH₄ (29 mg, 0.76 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. 5.0 mL water was added, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get the 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (400 mg).

It was separated chirally (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZH00CD-VCO005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=6:4 (v/v); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (183 mg, 165 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 539 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 6.938 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=40:60 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (s, 0.5H), 7.49 (s, 0.5H), 4.59 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (dd, 8.0, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.20 (q, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.21 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H). Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 539 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 11.098 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=40:60 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (s, 0.5H), 7.49 (s, 0.5H), 4.59 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (dd, 8.0, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.28 (m, 4H), 3.20 (q, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.24-2.01 (m, 4H), 1.21 (t, 8.0 Hz, 3H).

Examples 152 and 153 Preparation of (S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide and (R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

Step 1. Preparation of 6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-diamine

A mixture of 4-bromo-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine (1.5 g, 6.78 mmol), 2-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2.2 g, 8.15 mmol), tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (620 mg), tri(tert-butyl) phosphonium tetrafluoroboronate (393 mg) and sodium carbonate (1.7 g, 13.7 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (50 ml) and water (10 mL) was degassed, heated to 90° C. under for 3 h. The volatile solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was directly loaded onto a ISCO solid cartridge and flashed with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid product 1.0 g (51.9% yield), MS (+) ES: 285 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate

To a solution of 6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,4-diamine (543 mg, 1.9 mmol) and 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobutanoic acid (500 mg, 1.47 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added EDCI (560 mg, 2.93 mmol), HOBT (447 mg, 2.93 mmol) and DIPEA(380 mg, 2.94 mmol). The reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. It was absorbed onto 5 g of silica gel, and loaded onto a silica gel column. The column was eluted with 45% of ethyl acetate in hexanes to get a mixture of ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl) sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (600 mg, 62.3% yield) as a white solid. MS (ESI): 607 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

The mixture of ethyl 4-((4-amino-6-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate and ethyl 4-((5-amino-2-chloro-2′-(difluoromethoxy)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-4-oxobutanoate (800 mg) was treated with 15 mL of glacial acetic acid at 80° C. for 2 hours. It was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes, to get ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl) phenyl)propanoate (600 mg, 77.3% yield) as a pale solid. MS (ESI): 589 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4. Preparation of ethyl (S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide and (R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide

To a solution of ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (400 mg, 0.68 mmol) in methanol(5 ml) was added NH₃ (4.8 mL, 7N in methanol, 33.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 h. the mixture was concentrated, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanamide (177 mg).

It was separated chirally (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZH00CD-VC005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% methanol; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (67 mg, 60 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 560 (M+H)⁺.

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 3.919 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=80:20 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.92 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.49 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.26 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.96-4.92 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.41-3.35 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.12-3.06 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 0.93-0.91 (m, 1H), 0.52-0.50 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.13-0.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 560 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 8.942 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=80:20 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.92 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.49 (s, 1H), 7.65 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.26 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.96-4.92 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.41-3.35 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13-3.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.12-3.06 (dd, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 0.93-0.91 (m, 1H), 0.52-0.50 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 0.13-0.11 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H).

Example 154 Preparation of 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide

Step 1. Preparation of tert-butyl 4,6-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3.35 g, 6.51 mmol) in DCM (25 mL) was added Boc anhydride (1.25 g, 9.77 mmol), DIEA (1.7 mL, 9.77 mmol), and catalytic amount of DMAP, at ambient temperature. After addition, the reaction solution was stirred at ambient temperature over night. It was concentrated. The residue was purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 25% EtOAc in DCM, to get a mixture of two isomers of the product as a pale solid (10.7 g, 90% yield).

MS (+) ES: 614 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2. Preparation of tert-butyl 4,6-dichloro-2-(1-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl) sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-4,6-dichloro-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (465 mg, 0.76 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was added lithium hexamethyldisilyl amide solution (1M, 1 mL, 1 mmol), at −78° C. After it was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes, methyl bromoethylacetate (233 mg, 1.52 mmol) was added, and the reaction solution was slowly warmed to ambient temperature, and stirred over night. It was worked up with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was concentrated and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 25% of EtOAc in DCM to get the desired product as a white solid (511 mg, 98% yield). MS (+) ES: 686 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3. Preparation of 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide

A solution of tert-butyl 4,6-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-5-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (1 g, 1.45 mmol) in 20 mL of methanol (containing about 7 N ammonia) in a sealed reaction flask was stirred at 80° C. for 10 hours. It was concentrated and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with EtOAc to get the desired product as a white solid (0.65 g, 78% yield). MS (+) ES: 571 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 155 and 156 Preparation of (S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol and (R)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

To a solution of ethyl 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-isopropoxyphenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate(550 mg, 0.93 mmol) in THF (15 ml) was added LiAlH₄ (35 mg, 0.93 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. 5.0 mL water was added, the mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, the crude product was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to get 3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (250 mg).

It was separated chirally (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZH00CD-VCO005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% Hexane/Ethanol=80/20(V/V); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (110 mg, 100 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time)

MS (+) ES: 547 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 6.374 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: CHIRALPAK IG 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=20:80 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.94-7.92 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.65 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.32-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.47 (t, 1H), 4.71-4.67 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.64-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.12 (d, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.89 (m, 1H), 0.53-0.48 (q, 2H), 0.14-0.10 (q, 2H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time)

MS (+) ES: 547 (M+H)+;

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 7.719 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: CHIRALPAK IG 150*4.6 mm, 5 um; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=20:80 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.94-7.92 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.65 (d, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.47 (t, 1H), 4.71-4.67 (t, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.64-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.12 (d, 4.0 Hz, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.99-0.89 (m, 1H), 0.53-0.48 (q, 2H), 0.14-0.10 (q, 2H).

Example 157 Preparation of 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol

This compound was prepared by the similar method as of example 139,140 (racemic mixture) to produce the title compound as a white solid. MS (+) ES: 558 (M+H)⁺.

Example 158 Preparation of 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide

This compound was prepared by the similar method as of Examples 148, 149 (racemic mixture) to produce the title compound as a white solid. MS (+) ES: 594 (M+H)⁺.

Example 159 Preparation of 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol

This compound was prepared by the similar method as of example 150,151 (racemic mixture) to produce the title compound as a white solid. MS (+) ES: 581 (M+H)⁺.

Examples 160 and 161 Preparation of (S)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol (R)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propan-1-ol

These two compounds were prepared from example 157 by chirally separation. (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZHOOCD-VC005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% Hexane/Ethanol=70/30(V/V); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (350 mg, 350 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time) MS m/z (ESI): 557.9 [M+1];

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 7.378 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.66 (d, 2H), 7.44-7.40 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.32-1.30 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.50 (q, 2H), 0.12 (q, 2H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time) MS m/z (ESI): 557.9 [M+1];

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 8.738 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.91 (d, 2H), 7.66 (d, 2H), 7.44-7.40 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.66 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.32-1.30 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.50 (q, 2H), 0.12 (q, 2H).

Examples 162 and 163 Preparation of (S)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide (R)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propanamide

These two compounds were prepared from example 154 by chirally separation. (separation conditions: CHIRALCEL OZ-H(OZHOOCD-VCO005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% Hexane/Ethanol=45/55(V/V); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (250 mg, 250 mg).

Single configuration compound (the shorter retention time) MS m/z (ESI): 571.0 [M+1];

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 8.193 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 3H), 4.94-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.03 (m, 3H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.30 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.50 (q, 2H), 0.11 (q, 2H).

Single configuration compound (the longer retention time) MS m/z (ESI): 571.0 [M+1];

Chiral HIPLC analysis: retention time 10.536 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: OD Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1 150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase: ethanol/hexane=15:85 (v/v);

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.90 (d, 2H), 7.65-7.63 (m, 3H), 4.94-4.92 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.03 (m, 3H), 2.68-2.57 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.30 (m, 1H), 0.94-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.50 (q, 2H), 0.11 (q, 2H).

Examples 164 and 165 Preparation of (S)-4-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine (R)-4-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine

Step 1. Preparation of ethyl (R or S)-3(6-cloro-5-(2-difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

Step 1. Preparation of ethyl(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate

These two compounds were prepared by chirally separation. (separation conditions: CHIRALPAK IB-N(IBN5CD-VD005), 0.46 cm I.D.×15 cm L; mobile phase:100% Hexane/Ethanol=80/20(V/V); flow rate: 1.0 mL/min), The corresponding fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the title compounds (690 mg, 490 mg).

Single configuration compound Int-164A (the shorter retention time)

MS m/z (ESI): 589.1 [M+1];

Chiral HPLC analysis: retention time 11.508 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: CHIRALPAK IG150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=20:80 (v/v);

Single configuration compound Int-164B (the longer retention time) MS m/z (ESI): 589.1 [M+1];

Chiral HIPLC analysis: retention time 17.164 minutes, chiral purity: 100% (chromatographic column: CHIRALPAK IG150*4.6 mm, Sum; mobile phase:ethanol/hexane=20:80 (v/v).

Step 2(1). Preparation of (R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanal

Ethyl (R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate(the shorter retention time) (step 1) (45 mg, 0.076 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (3.0 mL), diisobutylaluminium hydride (0.16 mL, 0.16 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min until completion. The product was purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (22 mg, 52%), MS m/z (ESI): 543.0 [M−1].

Step 3(1). Preparation of (R or S)-4-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine

(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanal(step 2(1)) (22 mg, 0.04 mmol) and Morpholine (17 mg, 0.20 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (5.0 mL), acetic acid (14 mg, 0.24 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, NaBH(OAc)₃ (25 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added at room temp. The mixture was stirred for 60 min until the completion (LC-MS monitor). The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (7.3 mg, 29%), MS m/z (ESI): 616.0 [M+1].

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CDCl₃): 7.99 (d, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 4.69 (t, 1H), 3.85-3.83 (m, 4H), 3.03-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.60 (d, 2H), 0.19 (d, 2H).

Step 2(2). Preparation of (R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanal

Ethyl (R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanoate (the longer retention time) (example 164, step 1) (100 mg, 0.17 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10.0 mL), diisobutylaluminium hydride (1.0 mL, 0.1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min until completion. The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (50 mg, 54%). MS m/z (ESI): 543.0 [M−1].

Step 3(2). Preparation of (R or S)-4-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine

(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanal(step 2(2)) (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Morpholine (48 mg, 0.55 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (10.0 mL), acetic acid (33 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, NaBH(OAc)₃ (70 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added at room temp. The mixture was stirred for 60 min until the completion (LC-MS monitor). The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (13.7 mg, 40%), MS m/z (ESI): 616.0 [M+1].

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CDCl₃): 7.89 (d, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, 2H), 7.36-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 6.42 (d, 1H), 4.69 (t, 1H), 3.85-3.83 (m, 4H), 3.03-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.58 (m, 4H), 2.50-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 1H), 1.03-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.60 (d, 2H), 0.19 (d, 2H).

Example 166, 167 Preparation of (S)-N-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide (R)-N-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide

Step 1(1) Preparation of (R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine

(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanal(example 164,165, step 2(1)) (45 mg, 0.08 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (3.0 mL), acetic acid (50 mg, 0.83 mmol) and 7N NH3 in MeOH (1.2 mL, 8.4 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, NaBH₄ (31 mg, 0.84 mmol) was added at room temp. The mixture was stirred for 60 min until the completion (LC-MS monitor). The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (45 mg, 99%), MS m/z (ESI): 546.1 [M+1].

Step 2(1). Preparation of (R or S)-N-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide

(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine(45 mg, 0.083 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2.0 mL), acetyl chloride (8.0 mg, 0.1 mmol) was added followed by the addition of Et₃N(9.0 mg, 0.1 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford the product as a white solid (10.7 mg, 22%), MS m/z (ESI):587.9 [M+1].

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.74-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.32 (d, 2H), 7.28-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.51-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.13 (d, 2H), 2.67-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.31 (m, 2H), 0.97-0.91 (m, 1H), 0.50 (q, 2H), 0.11 (q, 2H).

Step 1(2). Preparation of (R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine

(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propanal(example 164,165, step 2(2)) (50 mg, 0.09 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (5.0 mL), acetic acid (55 mg, 0.92 mmol) and 7N NH₃ in MeOH (1.3 mL, 9.2 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, NaBH₄ (21 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added at room temp. The mixture was stirred for 60 min until the completion (LC-MS monitor). The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by flash chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate to afford a white solid (45 mg, 90%), MS m/z (ESI): 546.1 [M+1].

Step 2(2). Preparation of (R or S)-N-(3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide

(R or S)-3-(6-chloro-5-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propan-1-amine(40 mg, 0.073 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (5.0 mL), acetyl chloride (7.0 mg, 0.09 mmol) was added followed by the addition of Et₃N(15 mg, 0.15 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 0.5 h, The mixture was treated with small amount of diluted HCl and directly purified by Prep HPLC with elution system C to afford the product as a white solid (20 mg, 46%)

MS m/z (ESI):587.9 [M+1].

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.93 (d, 2H), 7.74-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.31 (d, 2H), 7.28-7.26 (m, 1H), 6.66 (d, 1H), 4.61 (s, 1H), 4.51-4.47 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.13 (d, 2H), 2.67-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.31 (m, 2H), 0.97-0.91 (m, 1H), 0.50 (q, 2H), 0.11 (q, 2H).

Example 168 Preparation of N-(3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)acetamide

This compound can be prepared by the similar method as of example 166,167 from corresponding racemic starting material.

Example 169 Preparation of 4-(3-(5-chloro-6-(2-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)propyl)morpholine

This compound can be prepared by the similar method as of example 164,165 from corresponding racemic starting material.

Example 170 Preparation of 4-(3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl)morpholine

Step 1, preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)thio)phenyl)acetate

To a solution of 2-(4-mercaptophenyl)acetic acid (20 G, 118.9 mmol) in DMF (200 mL) was added (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (40.1G, 297.2 mmol) and cesium carbonate (117 G, 356.7 mmol). After addition, the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 14 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove about half of the solvent. Then, it was worked up with EtOAc and water. The organic layer was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 25% of EtOAc in hexanes, to get cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio)phenyl)acetate (26.5 G, 81% yield) as a colorless oil.

Step 2 Preparation of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetate

To a solution of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylthio)phenyl)acetate (31 g, 112.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) was added meta-chloroperbenzoic acid (58 g, 337 mmol). After addition, the reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 hours. It was distributed between DCM (1 L) and aqueous saturated Na2S2O3 (1 L). The organic layer was washed with 2N sodium hydroxide (200 mL) and brine. It was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 60% of EtOAc in hexanes, to get cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (33.5 G, 96.7% yield) as a white solid.

Step 3 Preparation of 2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid

A mixture of cyclopropylmethyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetate (32.6 G105.7 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (17.8 G, 423 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (200 mL) and water (60 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 hours. It was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 5, and extracted with EtOAc (3×300 mL). The combined organic layers was concentrated to get the desired product, 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (26.3 G, 98% yield), as a white solid.

Step 4 Preparation of 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitroaniline

A suspension of 4,5-dichloro-2-nitrobenzenamine (30 G, 145 mmol), and NCS (24.2 G, 181.2 mmol) in DMF (250 mL) was heated to 100° C. for 2 hours. It was poured into ice-water. The bright yellow precipitate, 2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine, was collected by filtration, and high vacuum drying overnight. (34.2 G, 98% yield).

Step 5 Preparation of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitroaniline

To a solution of (2,3,4-trichloro-6-nitrobenzenamine (5 G, 20.7 mmol) in 30 mL of DMF, was added 4,4-difluoropiperidine (3.8 G, 31.06 mmol) and DIEA (11.8 mL, 62.1 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 105° C. for 2 days. TLC showed mostly product. The majority of the DMF was vacuum removed. Then, it was absorbed onto silica gel, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 30% EtOAc in hexanes, to get the desired product, 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine, as a brightly yellow solid (4.72 G, 70% yield).

Step 6 Preparation of 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine

To a suspension of 2,4-dichloro-3-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-6-nitrobenzenamine (3.5 G, 10.8 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added zinc powder (7 G, 108 mmol) and concentrated HCl (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 hours. It was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with straight EtOAc, to get 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine as a pale solid (1.83 G, 57% yield).

Step 7 Preparation of N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide

To a solution of 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetic acid (1.71 g, 6.71 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added EDC (1.61 g, 8.40 mmol), HBTU (3.15 G, 8.40 mmol), followed by 3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (1.65 G, 5.59 mmol). After addition, the reaction solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours. It was absorbed onto silica gel and eluted with 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to get N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acetamide (2.9 G, 97% yield) as a off-white solid.

Step 8 Preparation of 5,7-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole

N-(2-amino-3,5-dichloro-4-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl) acetamide (2.9 G, 5.45 mmol) was treated with acetic acid (20 mL), at 80° C., for 2 hours. The acid was removed with high vacuum. The residue was neutralized with NaHCO₃ and absorbed onto silica gel. It was purified with 40% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane as eluent to get 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (2.3 G. 82% yield) as a brightly white solid.

Step 9 Preparation of tert-butyl 5,7-dichloro-2-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)benzyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (3.35 G, 6.51 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added di-t-butyl-di-carbonate (1.25 G, 9.77 mmol), N, N-Diisopropylethylamine (1.7 mL, 9.77 mmol), and catalytic amount of DMAP. After addition, the reaction solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 6 hours. It was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 50% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, to get tert-butyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (3.62 G, 90% yield) as a white solid.

Step 10 Preparation of tert-butyl 5,7-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl) phenyl)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 2-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)benzyl)-5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (8.2 G, 13.35 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1 M in THF, 17.4 mL), at −78° C. After stirring at −78° C. for half hour, methyl 2-bromoacetate (4.1 g, 26.70 mmol) was added, and the reaction was slowly warmed to ambient temperature, and stirred for 12 hours. It was worked up with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was concentrated, and purified on a silica gel column, eluting with 40% ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, to get tert-butyl 5,7-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (6.3 g, 68.7% yield) as a white solid.

Step 11 Preparation of 3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one

To a solution of tert-butyl 5,7-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-carboxylate (350 mg, 0.51 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was added morpholine (1 mL). The reaction solution was stirred at 100° C. for 14 hours. It was absorbed onto silica gel, and eluted with 60% ethyl acetate, to get 3-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one (310 mg, 94% yield) as an off-white solid.

Step 12 Preparation of 4-(3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl)morpholine

To a solution of 3-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-1-morpholinopropan-1-one (305 g, 0.48 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was added LAH (1 M in THF, 10 mL), at 0° C. After addition, the reaction solution was stirred at 0° C. for 14 hours. It was purified on a reverse phase column to get 5,7-dichloro-2-(1-(4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-morpholinopropyl)-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (100 mg, 33% yield) as a white solid.

MS m/z (ESI): 627 [M+1].

¹H NMR (400 mHz, CD₃OD): 7.92 (d, 10 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, 10 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 3.67 (m, 6H), 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.41 (m, 4H), 2.38-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.13 (m, 4H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.32 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.50 (m, 2H), 0.11 (m, 2H).

Example 171 Preparation of N-(3-(4-((cyclopropylmethyl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(5,7-dichloro-6-(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)propyl)acetamide

This compound can be prepared by the similar method as of example 170.

BIOLOGICAL ASSAY

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following test examples, but the examples should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.

Test Example 1. LanthaScreen TR-FRET Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor Gamma (RORγ) Coactivator Assay Materials and Reagents

-   -   1. RORγ LBD-GST tagged (Cat No. RORC-114H, Creative Biomart)     -   2. Fluorescein-D22 coactivator peptide (Cat No. PV4386,         Invitrogen)     -   3. LanthaScreen™ Tb anti-GST antibody (Cat No. PV3550,         Invitrogen)     -   4. TR-FRET coregulatory buffer D (Cat No, PV4420, Invitrogen)     -   5. DTT (Cat No. P2325, Fisher)     -   6. 384-well assay plate (Cat No. 6008280, Perkin Elmer)     -   7. Tecan Infinite M1000 plate reader (Tecan)

Experimental Procedure

Prepare Complete TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D by adding 1 M DTT to TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D to the final concentration of 5 mM DTT. Make compound dilution in Complete TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D. Highest dose is 3 μM, 7-folder dilution for total 7 doses. Add 10 μL to each well of a 384-well plate. For the negative and positive controls, add 10 μL of Complete TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D.

Prepare RORγ LBD using Complete TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D. The final concentration of RORγ LBD is 25 ng/reaction. Add 5 μL RORγ LBD to all the wells of the 384-well assay plate except negative wells which adding 5 μL Complete TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D.

Prepare a solution containing 0.6 μM Fluorescein-D22 and 8 nM Tb anti-GST antibody using Complete TR-FRET Coregulator Buffer D. Add 5 μL to all wells of the 384-well assay plate.

Briefly and gently mix the 384-well plate on a plate shaker and incubate at room temperature protected from light for 1 hour. The plate may be sealed with a cover to minimize evaporation.

Read the plate at wavelengths of 520 nm and 495 nm on Tecan Infinite M1000. IC₅₀ values were calculated using GraphPad Prism by plotting the logarithm of compounds concentration versus percent inhibition. The IC₅₀ values for the example compounds were shown in Table I.

Test Example 2. IL-17 Production Assay Using Human PBMC

Materials and Reagents

-   -   1. Human PBMC cells (Cat No. 70025.1, Zenbio)     -   2. Lymphocyte medium (Cat No. LYMPH-1, Zenbio)     -   3. TexMACS (Cat No. 130-097-196, Miltenyi)     -   4. Cytostim-human (Cat No. 1130-092-173, Miltenyi)     -   5. Human IL-17 ELISA (Cat No. D1700, R&D systems)     -   6. Tecan Infinite M1000 plate reader (Tecan)

Experimental Procedure for IL-17 Production Assay

Cryopreserved peripheral blood human mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were rapidly thawed in warmed Lymphocyte media, and centrifuged cell suspension at 1000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant was removed, and the cell pellets were gently resuspended in TexMACS media.

Human PBMC cells in TexMACS media were plated at 1×10⁵ each well in triplicate. The test compounds at various concentrations or vehicle control (<0.5% DMSO) were added into cell culture. The cells were stimulated by cytostim (10 μL/mL) for 3 days in a humidified, 5% CO₂ incubator at 37° C.

After incubation, the cell culture supernatant was harvested, and then removed particulates by centrifugation. Human IL-17 in the supernatant was measured using human IL-17 ELISA kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. IC₅₀ values were determined using GraphPad Prism by plotting the compounds concentration versus percent inhibition. The IC₅₀ values for the example compounds were shown in Table I.

TABLE I RORγ Coactivator IL-17 production Example No. Assay (IC₅₀ μM) (IC₅₀ μM) 2 0.467 N/T 3 0.373 0.052 4 0.160 0.053 5 0.626 0.025 6 0.003 0.022 7 0.086 0.223 8 0.903 N/T 9 0.475 0.01  10 0.056 N/T 11 0.242 N/T 12 0.106 N/T 13 0.675 0.082 14 0.086 0.022 15 0.787 N/T 16 0.626 N/T 17 0.097 N/T 18 0.013 N/T 19 0.052 0.343 20 0.013 0.056 21 0.083 0.453 22 0.219 N/T 23 0.318 0.075 24 0.701 N/T 25 0.789 N/T 26 0.465 N/T 27 0.489 N/T 28 0.045 N/T 29 0.269 0.009 30 0.062 0.007 31 0.01 0.011 32 0.052 0.007 33 0.031 0.015 34 0.016 0.049 35 0.061 0.008 36 0.348 N/T 37 0.433 N/T 38 0.147 0.873 39 0.007 0.038 40 0.083 N/T 41 0.683 N/T 42 0.113 N/T 43 0.656 N/T 44 0.026 N/T 45 0.535 N/T 46 0.048 0.018 47 0.196 N/T 48 0.445 N/T 49 0.255 N/T 50 0.284 N/T 51 0.646 N/T 52 0.135 N/T 53 0.575 N/T 54 0.367 N/T 55 0.194 N/T 56 0.879 N/T 57 0.187 N/T 58 0.266 N/T 59 0.433 N/T 60 0.409 N/T 61 0.509 N/T 62 0.154 N/T 63 0.592 N/T 64 0.465 N/T 65 0.015 N/T 66 0.002 0.01  67 0.002 0.002 68 0.03 0.004 69 0.007 0.056 70 0.014 0.006 71 0.004 N/T 72 0.006 0.003 73 0.029 0.001 74 0.187 N/T 75 0.006 N/T 76 0.387 N/T 77 0.021 0.017 78 0.028 0.069 79 0.048 N/T 80 0.031 0.013 81 0.035 0.003 82 0.046 N/T 83 0.065 N/T 84 0.019 0.013 85 0.188 N/D 86 0.075 0.023 87 0.024 N/T 88 0.162 N/T 89 0.004 N/T 90 0.004 N/T 91 0.140 N/T 92 0.067 N/T 93 0.075 N/T 94 0.023 N/T 95 0.065 N/T 96 0.123 N/T 97 0.001 N/T 98 0.007 N/T 99 0.025  0.0024 100 0.014  0.0013 104 0.082 N/T 102 0.062 N/T 103 0.158 N/T 104 0.337 N/T 106 0.003 N/T 107 0.055 N/T 108 0.032 N/T 109 1.04 N/T 110 0.698 N/T 111 0.06 N/T 112 0.076 N/T 113 0.18 N/T 114 0.564 N/T 115 0.171 N/T 116 0.235 N/T 117 0.149 N/T 118 0.306 N/T 119 0.034 0.124 120 0.321 N/T 121 0.966 N/T 122 0.049 N/T 123 0.030 0.058 124 0.205 0.032 the shorter retention time of 0.070 0.024 124-1 and 124-2 the longer retention time of 0.026 0.041 124-1 and 124-2 125 0.059 0.047 126 0.135 0.008 the shorter retention time of 0.014 0.045 126-1 and 126-2 the longer retention time of 0.036 0.031 126-1 and 126-2 127 0.22 0.013 128 0.006 0.091 129 0.014 0.242 133 0.024 0.027 134 0.006 0.003 135 0.039 0.014 136 0.005 0.014 137 0.013 0.004 138 0.018 0.009 the shorter retention time of 0.093 0.214 139 and 140 the longer retention time of 0.035 0.026 139 and 140 141 0.01 0.02  142 0.013 0.028 143 0.01 0.027 144 0.011 0.023 145 0.068 0.01  the shorter retention time of 0.057 0.315 146 and 147 the longer retention time of 0.004 0.014 146 and 147 the shorter retention time of 1.41 0.555 148 and 149 the longer retention time of 0.083 0.022 148 and 149 the shorter retention time of 0.787 0.718 150 and 151 the longer retention time of 0.026 0.031 150 and 151 the shorter retention time of 0.21 0.86  152 and 153 the longer retention time of 0.013 0.010 152 and 153 154 0.049 0.077 the shorter retention time of 0.081 0.135 155 and 156 the longer retention time of 0.074 0.026 155 and 156 157 0.007 0.022 158 0.005 0.187 159 0.005 0.01  the shorter retention time of 0.003 0.006 160 and 161 the longer retention time of 0.003 0.004 160 and 161 the shorter retention time of 0.014 0.069 162 and 163 the longer retention time of 0.31 0.029 162 and 163 164 or 165 made from Int- 1.25 0.28  164A 164 or 165 made from Int- 0.418 0.35  164B 166 or 167 made from Int- 0.01 0.066 164A 166 or 167 made from Int- 0.047 0.072 164B 170 0.71 0.43  N/T: not tested

The foregoing examples and description of the preferred embodiments should be taken as illustrating, rather than as limiting, the present invention as defined by the claims. Numerous variations and combinations of the features set forth above may be utilized without departing from the present invention as set forth in the claims. 

1. A compound of formula (I):

or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

is a single bond or double bond; when

is a double bond, then

is a single bond, R_(a) is absent, and R_(b) is hydrogen; and when

is a double bond, then

is single bond, R_(a) is hydrogen, and R_(b) is absent; ring A is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₄ at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂, and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R_(5a) and R_(5b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂, and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₀COR₉, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and —NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₇ at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂, and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, wherein said alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy; R₉ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; R₁₁ and R₁₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, COR₁₃, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forma heterocyclyl group, wherein the heterocyclyl group comprises one or more additional heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; s is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 2. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, having a structure of formula (Ia) or formula (Ib):

wherein: R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in claim
 1. 3. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, and 5 or 6 member heteroaryl, preferably piperidinyl, phenyl, thienyl, furyl, or pyridinyl.
 4. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, having a structure of formula (II):

wherein:

,

, R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₇, n and s are as defined in claim
 1. 5. (canceled)
 6. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, having a structure of formula (III):

wherein:

,

, R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in claim
 1. 7. (canceled)
 8. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein R₄ at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cyano, amino, —OR₈, and —NR₁₁R₁₂; and R₈, R₁₁ and R₁₂ are as defined in claim
 1. 9. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and alkyl.
 10. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein R_(5a) and R_(5b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, —OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂, and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂; or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

and R₈ to R₁₂ and x are as defined in claim
 1. 11. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and —NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy and cycloalkyl; and R₁₁ and R₁₂ are as defined in claim
 1. 12. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein R₇ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and alkyl.
 13. The compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:


14. A compound of formula (IA):

or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

is a single bond or double bond; when

is a double bond, then

is a single bond, R_(a) is absent, and R_(b) is hydrogen; and when

is a double bond, then

is single bond, R_(a) is hydrogen, and R_(b) is absent; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R_(5a) and R_(5b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂, and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₀COR₉, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and —NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₇ at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂, and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, wherein said alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy; R₉ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; R₁₁ and R₁₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, COR₁₃, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forma heterocyclyl group, wherein the heterocyclyl group comprises one or more additional heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; and x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 15. The compound of claim 14, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:


16. A compound of formula (IC) or formula (ID), or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof,

wherein: R_(a) and R_(b) is hydrogen; ring A is selected from the group consisting of cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁, R₂, and R₃ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₄ at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂, and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R_(5a) and R_(5b) are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —NR₁₀COCH₂OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)C(O)OR₈, —(CH₂)_(x)CONR₁₁R₁₂, and —(CH₂)_(x)NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₀COR₉, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or R_(5a) and R_(5b) are together form

R₆ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and —NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₇ at each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —OR₈, —C(O)OR₈, —COR₉, —NR₁₀COR₉, —S(O)₂R₉, —NR₁₀S(O)₂R₉, —CONR₁₁R₁₂, —NR₁₁R₁₂, and —S(O)₂NR₁₁R₁₂, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₈ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, wherein said alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkoxy; R₉ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl; R₁₁ and R₁₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, COR₁₃, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; or R₁₁ and R₁₂ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forma heterocyclyl group, wherein the heterocyclyl group comprises one or more additional heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, and wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen, amino, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; R₁₃ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl, wherein said alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl are each optionally substituted by one or more groups independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, cyano, amino, nitro, hydroxy, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; s is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 17. The compound of claim 16, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:


18. A process for preparing the compound of formula (I) of claim 1, comprising a step of coupling a compound of formula (IA) with a compound of formula (IB) under an alkaline condition in the presence of a catalyst:

wherein: G is a leaving group, preferably boronic acid or borate; and ring A,

,

, R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in claim
 1. 19. A process for preparing the compound of formula (I) of claim 1, comprising a step of cyclizing a compound of formula (IC) or formula (ID):

wherein: ring A,

,

, R_(a), R_(b), R₁˜R₄, R_(5a), R_(5b), R₆, R₇, n and s are as defined in claim
 1. 20. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1, or a tautomer, mesomer, racemate, enantiomer, diastereomer, or mixture thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 21. (canceled)
 22. A method for treating a retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) mediated disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim
 1. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the RORγ mediated disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancers, wherein the inflammation and autoimmune diseases comprise arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, ankylosing spondylitis, autoimmune diabetes, type I diabetes, autoimmune ocular disease, autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune polyedocrine syndrome type I, autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type II, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, Crohn's disease, asthma, Kawasaki Disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, infectious diseases, ankylosing spondylitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary disease, glomerulonephritis, myocarditis, thyroiditis, dry eye, Uveitis, Behcet's disease, asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, allograft rejection, polymyocitis, grad versus host disease, acne, ulcerative colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, bronchitis, dermatomyositis, and allergic rhinitis.
 24. (canceled)
 25. (canceled) 